分析了我国煤矿死亡事故中顶板和瓦斯事故死亡人数最多,分别占37.72%和29.18%。提出了煤矿井下紧急避险原则:地面最安全,遇险人员应尽快安全撤至地面。用于煤矿井下的紧急避险装置和方法应满足不影响矿井通风、没有引爆瓦斯等隐患、经济实用、利于安全生产等要求。提出了经济实用的自救器接力紧急避险方法:入井人员佩戴压缩氧自救器;在自救器所能提供的额定防护时间内,从采掘工作面等作业地点步行不能安全撤到地面的,必须在撤离路线上每隔一定距离(根据自救器防护时间确定)设置避难硐室,避难硐室内应设置压缩氧自救器,供遇险人员更换,保证遇险人员能安全撤至地面。指出了硬体救生舱存在的问题:通信依赖现有矿井通信系统、设置在巷道中会增加通风阻力、瓦斯达到爆炸浓度时蓄电池和制冷电机等会引爆瓦斯、爆炸冲击波会使救生舱门打不开遇险人员无法进入、整体运输困难、工作面同时作业人员多而救生舱容量小、首次投入和运行维护费用高等。

The paper analyzed the fatal accidents in China coal mines, the fatal number of the roof accidents and gas accidents would be the highest and would be taken 37.72% and 29. 18% individually. The underground mine emergency refuge principle was provided.The surface ground would be the most safety and the personnel in emergency should be quickly and safely back to the surface.The emergency refuge devices and methods applied in the underground mine shall meet not influence to the mine ventilation, no ignition of the gas explosion and other hidden danger, economic practical and favorable to the mine safety production and other requirements.T he paper provided an economic and practical self-rescuer relay emergency refuge method.The personnel into the mine shall wear the compressed oxygen self-rescuer. . Within the rated protective time provided by the self-rescuer, once walking from the mining or excavation working face could not be safety back to the surface, an emerg ency refuge chamber shall be set up at each certain distance interval along with the roadway back to the surface.The emergency refuge chamber should be equipped W ith the compressed oxygen self-rescuer to ensure the personnel in emergency for the replacement and to ensure the personnel in emergency safely back to the surface. The paper pointed out the problems existed in the hard shell emergency refuge cabin. The communication of the cabin should rely on the mine available communication system.The hard shell cabin set in the mine roadway would increase the resistance of the ventilation. When the mine gas concentration reached the explosion concentra tion, the battery and the refrigeration electric motor would ignite the gas explosion.Then the explosion shockwave would cause the refuge cabin door not be opened for the personnel in and out of the cabin.The integral cabin would be difficult in the mine transportation.The operation personnel number in the coal mining face would be hi gh and the volume of the emergency refuge cabin would be small.The initial investment and operation maintenance cost would be high.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(51074169)；教育部博士点基金资助项目(20080290000820090023110008)；