煤炭规模化开采势必产生扰动裂隙场，进而破坏地下水系统，并产生大量矿井水，导致矿井突涌水风险。为了保障煤矿生产安全，并将矿井水储存在井下供生产和生活使用，提出了煤矿地下水库理论框架和技术体系。煤矿地下水库建设的关键难题是库容(或储水量)的评估与控制，即将矿井水储存在采空区后，如何保障不断增加的矿井水不会危及到后续煤炭开采活动。基于此，提出了在煤矿区建设多个地下水库，通过管道将多个地下水库相互连接起来形成相互连通的分布式地下水库，并可在多个水库间进行水量联合调度的技术思路。其优势是可以通过水库间的水量调度保证每个水库中的矿井水在安全库容范围，特别是可以使威胁现有采区的地下水库储水量得到有效控制，防止水害发生。以某煤矿分布式地下水库建设为例，根据矿井开采区的地质资料，计算不同高程区域的储水能力，确定分布式地下水库的库容-水位曲线;在此基础上，建立分布式地下水库的地下水数值模拟模型，预测矿区的涌水量;并针对矿区的涌水量，结合地表水资源，按照水量供求关系，进行矿区水资源的优化调度，使得矿区涌水得到合理和高效利用。

The large-scale coal mining will inevitably produce the disturbance of fracture field,and then destroy the groundwater system,and produce a large number of mine water,leading to the risk of mine water inrush. In order to en- sure the safety of coal mine production and store the mine water underground for production and living,some scholars put forward the theoretical framework and technical system of the underground coal reservoir. The key problem in the construction of underground coal reservoir is the evaluation and control of storage capacity (or water storage volume). That is to say,how to ensure that the increasing mine water will not endanger the subsequent coal mining activities af- ter the mine water is stored in the goaf. Based on this goal,the paper puts forward a technical proposal of building multiple underground reservoirs in coal mine area,connecting multiple underground reservoirs with each other through pipelines to form interconnected distributed underground reservoirs,and regulating water volume jointly among multiple reservoirs. Its advantage is to ensure that the mine water in each reservoir is within the safe storage capacity through the water regulation between reservoirs,especially to effectively control the water storage of the underground reservoir that threatens the existing mining area and prevent the occurrence of water disasters. Taking the construction of a dis- tributed underground reservoir in a coal mine as an example,according to the geological data of the mining area,the water storage capacities of different elevation areas are calculated,and the storage capacity water level curve of the dis- tributed underground reservoir is determined. On this basis,the groundwater numerical simulation model of the distrib- uted underground reservoirs is established to predict the water inflow of the mining area. According to the water inflow of the mining area,combined with the surface water resources,following the relationship between water supply and de- mand,the optimal operation of water resources in the mining area is carried out,so that the water inflow in the mining area can be reasonably and efficiently utilized.