以石墨烯等为代表的具有优良物性和高附加值的新型材料得到越来越广泛的研究和应用，煤作为一种低价的高碳资源可通过不同的物理或化学方法制备成石墨烯及其化合物，使煤炭达到清洁高效利用，形成高附加值的煤基新材料。本文首先对石墨烯的制备方法进行综述进而引出煤基石墨烯的制备方法。煤基石墨烯是以煤炭为原料转化而成的石墨烯，通过高温热处理后，采用常规石墨烯的制备方法获取煤基石墨烯。随后对石墨烯具有超高的导热性能机理进行分析。随着电子工业的快速发展，越来越多的高性能电子产品面临越来越大的散热困境。石墨烯的导热系数是目前已知材料中最高，远超常规金属。利用石墨烯具有超高的横向导热机理，其单质或化合物可作为电子元器件理想的散热材料，逐渐取代传统金属导热材料，应用前景广阔。再分别对少数层石墨烯、石墨烯的复合材料、氧化石墨烯的复合材料在导热领域方面的研究进展及性能表现进行综述。其中石墨烯的复合材料的导热能力更强，应用范围更广。借助外力使石墨烯纳米片取向与传热方向对齐，可极大提高石墨烯复合材料导热能力。为进一步扩大石墨烯的应用范围、增强石墨烯平面外导热能力，可将石墨烯与碳纳米管结合。最后对煤基石墨烯的制备及石墨烯在导热领域的研究方向及发展前景进行了展望。

Some excellent physical property and high value-added new materials,such as graphene,are getting more and more extensive research and application. Coal as a kind of low price and high carbon resources can be prepared to graphene and its compounds by different physical or chemical methods,which can achieve the high efficient and clean utilization of coal,form some coal-based new materials with high value-added. Firstly,the preparation methods of gra- phene are reviewed in this paper,so as to lead to the preparation methods of coal-based graphene. Coal-based graphene that regards coal as raw material is graphene. After heat treatment at high temperature,coal-based graphene was prepared by conventional approaches to produce graphene. Then,the mechanism of graphene’ s super high thermal con- ductivity was analyzed. With the rapid development of electronic industry,more and more electronic products with high-performance are facing bigger and bigger heat dissipation difficulties. Thermal conductivity of graphene is the big- gest in any known material and far beyond the conventional cooling metals. Based on the ultra-high transverse heat conduction mechanism,graphene or its compound used as a kind of ideal heat dissipation material for electronic com- ponents are gradually replacing traditional metal heat conduction materials and have broad prospects in application. Then,the research progress and properties of a few layers of graphene,graphene composites and graphene oxide com- posites in the field of heat conduction are reviewed respectively,in which graphene composites have better thermal conductivity and bigger wider range of applications. The orientation of graphene nanometer sheet is aligned with the heat transfer direction by the assistance of external force,which the thermal conductivity of graphene composites can be greatly improved. In order to further expand the application range of graphene and enhance the thermal conductivity of graphene outside the plane,graphene can be combined with carbon nanotubes. Finally,the preparation of coal-based graphene and the research direction and development prospect of graphene in the field of heat conduction are prospec- ted.