煤矿开采外排矿井水可能对地表水系水质产生影响，为了研究榆神矿区地表水的水质状况，采集了秃尾河和榆溪河沿程的地表水样各5组，采用数理统计法分析了地表水的水化学特征；运用Piper三线图分析了地表水的水化学类型及其主要离子组成特征；采用Gibbs图和离子相关关系等方法探讨了地表水主要离子的来源及其影响因素。研究结果表明：榆神矿区秃尾河水的TDS为404.32～794.17 mg/L，平均为529.68 mg/L，榆溪河水的TDS为303.73～434.77 mg/L，平均为356.88 mg/L，均为弱碱性淡水。地表水阳离子均以Ca²⁺和 Na⁺为主，秃尾河水的Ca²⁺和 Na⁺平均质量浓度分别为63.33和46.63 mg/L，而榆溪河水的Ca²⁺和 Na⁺平均质量浓度分别为61.08和16.44 mg/L；阴离子均以HCO^-3为主，秃尾河和榆溪河水的HCO^-3平均质量浓度分别为294.96和225.34 mg/L，地表水的水化学类型以HCO^-3-Ca²⁺为主。秃尾河地表水各水化学参数呈现从上游到下游逐渐降低趋势，而榆溪河地表水各水化学参数呈现从上游到下游逐渐升高的趋势。根据地表水中各化学指标间的相互关系矩阵可知，TDS与K⁺、Na⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl-、SO2-4和HCO^-3都存在显著的正相关关系，说明这些离子均对TDS有明显的贡献。HCO^-3分别与K+、Na+、Ca2存在显著的相关关系，说明这些离子可能来源于同一样物质，可能来源于含钠硅酸盐的溶解。地表水中主要离子主要来源于硅酸盐的岩石风化溶解以及阳离子交换作用，其中SO2-4、NO-3和Cl-的浓度局部较高，大部分浓度均较低，说明地表水局部地段受人类活动的轻微影响，但由于河流的径流、混合和稀释等作用，人类活动对地表水水质的影响有限。

The outflow of mine water from coal mining may have an impact on the water quality of surface water systems.In order to study the present situation of surface water quality in Yushen Mining Area, five groups of surface water samples along the Tuwei River and Yuxi River were collected on July 2015.The hydrochemical characteristics of surface water were analyzed by mathematical statistics.Piper three-line analysis was used to analyze the hydro-chemical types of surface water and the main ion composition characteristics.The sources of major ions in surface water and their influencing factors were discussed by Gibbs diagram and ion correlation method.The results show that the TDS of the Tuwei River in the study area ranged from 404.32 to 794.17 mg/L, with an average of 529.68 mg/L, and the TDS of Yuxi River was from 303.73 to 434.77 mg/L, with an average of 356.88 mg/L, all of which were weak bases.The surface water cations were dominated by Ca2+ and Na+.The average concentrations of Ca2+ and Na+ in the Tuwei River were 63.33 and 46.63 mg/L respectively.The average concentrations of Ca2+ and Na+ in the Yunxi River were 61.08 and 16.44 mg/L respectively.Anions were mainly width=753,height=49,dpi=110 chemical parameters of surface water in the Tuwei River surface gradually decreased from upstream to downstream, while those in Yuxi River increased gradually from upstream to downstream.According to the correlation matrix of various chemical indexes in surface water, there was a significant positive correlation between TDS and K+,Na+,Mg2+, width=589,height=23,dpi=110 was significantly correlated with K+, Na+and Ca2+ respectively, suggesting that these ions may be derived from the same substance and may be derived from the dissolution of sodium-containing silicates.The main ions in surface water were mainly derived from weathering and dissolution of silicate rocks and cation exchange.The concentrations of width=73,height=23,dpi=110 and Cl- in surface water were locally higher, but most of them were lower.This indicate that the local area of surface water was slightly affected by human activities, but the impact of human activities on surface water quality was limited due to the effects of river runoff, mixing and dilution.