煤层开采引起的岩层破断运动导致了一系列采动损害与环境问题。绿色开采从广义资源的角度出发，通过控制或利用采动岩层破断运动，从源头减轻采煤对环境的影响，实现对煤层及共伴生资源的共采或保护。该理念得到了业界的广泛认同，绿色开采技术的研究与应用也取得了重要进展。从广义资源概念、基于岩层破断运动规律原则、源头减损及全生命周期理念等方面进一步论述了绿色开采的内涵，提出了全生命周期绿色开采技术框架，包括保水采煤、煤与瓦斯共采、矸石减排、减沉开采与环境修复，对近20年来我国煤矿绿色开采的研究历程进行了回顾。关键层理论是绿色开采技术研究的重要理论基础，其基本学术思想强调将覆岩作为整体进行研究，将采动矿压、水与瓦斯及地表沉陷研究有机统一起来；同时强调抓主要矛盾，即找出覆岩中对岩层运动起控制作用的关键层，避免采用传统研究中对覆岩岩性进行均化处理的方法。综述了在岩层移动与采动裂隙演化规律方面的理论研究成果，主要包括基于关键层位置的导水裂隙带高度预计方法、覆岩卸荷膨胀累积效应与瓦斯卸压抽采“三带”原理，论述了保水采煤、煤与瓦斯共采、充填减沉开采等方面的技术进展、现状及工程应用成效。提出了促进绿色开采技术进一步发展的建议，包括深化采动岩层运动规律研究、确定适合不同矿区特点的绿色开采技术模式、建立煤矿绿色开采的评价指标体系、开展煤矿全生命周期绿色开采设计、绿色开采技术的高效率和低成本化研究等，为我国煤矿绿色开采指明了方向。

The breaking movement of the rock layer caused by coal mining has caused a series of mining damage and environmental problems.From the perspective of broad resources,green mining can reduce the impact of coal mining on the environment from the source by controlling or using the breaking motion of the mining rock layer,and realize the co-mining or protection of coal seams and its associated resources.The concept has been widely recognized by the industry,and the research and application of green mining technology has also achieved important progress.This paper further discussed the connotation of green mining in terms of the concept of resources in a broad sense,based on the principle of rock fracture movement law,source reduction and the concept of full life cycle,etc,and proposed a full life cycle green mining technology framework,including water conservation mining,coal and gas co-mining,waste rock discharge,subsidence reduction mining and environmental restoration.The research history of green mining in coal mine in China in recent 20 years was reviewed.The key strata theory is an important theoretical basis for the study of green mining technology.Its basic academic thought emphasizes the study of overburden as a whole,and unifies the study of mining pressure,water and gas and surface subsidence.Meanwhile,it emphasizes the main contradiction,namely,to find out the key strata that control the overburden movement,and avoid adopting the traditional method of homogenizing the overburden lithology.The theoretical research results on the evolution of rock formations and mining fissures are summarized,including the prediction method of the height of water-conducting fracture zone based on the position of key stratum,the cumulative effect of overburden unloading expansion,and the "three zones" principle of gas pressure relief and drainage.The technical progress,status quo and engineering application effects are discussed for the technologies of water conservation coal mining,co-extraction of coal and gas,and filling and subsidence mining,etc.It puts forward suggestions to further promote the development of green mining technology,including deepening the study on the law of strata movement,determination of green mining technology model suitable for the characteristics of different mining areas,establishing the evaluation index system of green mining in coal mine,carrying out the green mining design of the whole life cycle of coal mines,and development of green mining technologies with high efficiency and low cost.This pointed out the direction for green mining in Chinese coal mines.

0引言
1绿色开采内涵与发展历程
 1.1绿色开采内涵与框架
 1.2绿色开采简要历程回顾
2绿色开采研究进展
 2.1绿色开采理论基础
 2.2保水采煤技术
 2.3煤与瓦斯共采技术
 2.4充填减沉开采技术
3绿色开采研究展望
 3.1岩层运动基础理论的深化研究
 3.2不同矿区绿色开采技术模式确定
 3.3建立煤矿绿色开采的评价指标体系
 3.4煤矿全生命周期的绿色开采研究
 3.5高效与低成本的新技术研发
4结论