矿山围岩应力与结构演化机理是深部煤炭资源开采围岩控制的关键科学问题。开展采场和巷道围岩应力演化与变形破坏监测，是掌握应力场动态迁移规律，分析覆岩分区破裂、结构演化的重要手段，也是实现井下灾害超前辨识和危险区域感知预判的基础。近年来光纤传感技术在解调原理、传感器研发方面取得了长足的进步，可实现不同尺度的围岩应力、变形，大范围、分布式动态监测，成为了岩体变形破坏的重要监测手段之一。分析了光纤传感技术在矿山围岩变形与破坏监测方面的应用进展，总结了用于采场和巷道围岩变形监测中的光纤传感理论及适用特点，归纳了光纤传感系统布设方法与安装工艺，讨论了采场覆岩“横三区、竖三带”分布，覆岩结构演化，支承压力分布，顶底板变形特征的光纤表征机制，介绍了光纤传感技术在矿山围岩变形表征中的最新成果。结果表明：光纤传感技术在矿山围岩监测中的应用仍处于现场应用研究阶段，在智慧矿山建设背景下，采场和巷道围岩变形监测技术向多参数、智能化、实时动态监测发展，光纤传感技术存在多参量、多尺度传感器研发，多维度光纤传感系统及布设工艺，大数据光纤传感数据智能分析系统构建等研究热点。研究成果对推动矿山围岩光纤传感智能监测技术研发与应用具有积极意义。

The stress and structure evolution mechanism of mine surrounding rock is the key scientific problem of surrounding rock control in deep coal mining. Monitoring the stress evolution and deformation failure of surrounding rock of stope and roadway are important means to grasp the dynamic migration law of the stress field and analyze the zonal fracture and structural evolution of overburden，and is also the basis for realizing the advanced identification of underground disasters and the prediction of dangerous areas. In recent years, optical fiber sensing technology has made great progress in the demodulation principle and sensor research. It can realize large-scale and distributed dynamic monitoring of surrounding rock stress and deformation in different scales and has become an important monitoring method for rock mass deformation and failure. In the paper, the application progress of optical fiber sensing technology was analyzed in monitoring the deformation and failure of surrounding rock in mines. Firstly, the theory and applicable characteristics of optical fiber sensing were summarized. Secondly, the layout method and installation technology of the optical fiber sensing system were summarized, the optical fiber characterization mechanism was discussed in“three horizontal zones and three vertical zones” distribution of overlying strata, evolution of overburden structure, distribution of abutment pressure, and deformation characteristics of roof and floor. Lastly, the latest achievements of optical fiber sensing technology in deformation characterization of mine surrounding rock are introduced. It shows that the application of optical fiber sensing technology is still in the field application research stage in mine surrounding rock monitoring. Under the background of intelligent mine construction, stope and roadway surrounding rock deformation monitoring technology are developing to multi-parameter, intelligent, and real-time dynamic monitoring. There are many research hotspots of optical fiber sensing technology utilized in mine surrounding rock monitoring, such as multi-parameter multi-scale sensor research and development, multi-dimensional optical fiber sensing system and layout technology, and construction of big data optical fiber sensing data intelligent analysis system. The research has a positive significance in promoting the development and application of optical fiber sensing intelligent monitoring technology for mine surrounding rock