黄河中游榆神府矿区承担着能源保障和生态保护的双重战略重任，为了探索实现二者并举的途径，基于520余个钻孔地层数据，将采煤与矿区生态环境看作一个整体，采用基岩煤层厚度比与裂采比对比的方法，研究了榆神府矿区煤-岩-水-环的空间组合特征及采煤对生态损伤机理；依据煤-岩-水耦合作用对生态扰动方式，划分出厚基岩保水盐渍型、中厚基岩控水沉降型、薄基岩失水塌陷型、薄基岩无水裂塌型、烧变岩失水裂塌型、烧变岩无水裂塌型六种类型；针对矿区内日益增加的高强度开采与矿区生态本底脆弱并存的局面，根据采煤对生态的扰动机理和减损开采目标，指出如何应用信息技术实现生态扰动最小化和煤炭资源开采效益最大化协调发展是当前亟待解决的技术问题；提出研发采煤-覆岩-地下水-生态环境智能一体化系统的目标架构、技术思路和面临的技术难题。结果显示：中东部是生态对采煤扰动的敏感区；采煤对生态损伤的方式有地表下沉，潜水位下降与相对上升引起的植被退化、土地盐渍化；浅埋煤层开采引起地表裂缝塌陷破坏土壤结构和包气带水并损伤植被根系；黄土梁峁地貌区地表移动变形诱发滑坡切断植物根系。指出有必要根据不同破坏方式建立不同的评价指标体系及预测模型，并构建大数据驱动的透明动态地质模型，实时展示开采损害的动态智能监测与预报预警，为采煤过程中对生态潜水和生态环境实施有效保护提供地质保障。

Yu-Shen-Fu mining area in the middle reaches of the Yellow River undertakes the dual strategic tasks of energy security and ecological protection.In order to achieve the dual tasks,the coal mining and the ecological environment in the mining area are regarded as a whole based on the stratigraphic data of more than 520 boreholes.By using the method of comparison of bedrock thickness and fracture-mining ratio,the spatial combination characteristics of coal-overlying rock-groundwater-ecological environment and the mechanism of ecological damage caused by coal mining in Yu-Shen-Fu mining area are studied.According to the mode of ecological disturbance caused by coal-overlying rock-water coupling,it can be divided into six classes,such as thick bedrock water retention salinization type,medium thick bedrock water-controlling subsidence type,thin bedrock water losing collapse type,thin bedrock anhydrous fracture and collapse type,burnt rock water losing fracture and collapse type and burnt rock anhydrous fracture and collapse type.In view of the increase of high intensity mining and the fragile ecological background in the mining area,it is pointed out that how to apply information technology to minimize ecological disturbance and maximize the benefit of coal mining is an urgent technical problem to be solved,which is based on the disturbance mechanism of coal mining on ecology and the goal of detraction mining.The target architecture,technical ideas and technical problems of developing an intelligent integrated system of coal mining-overburden-groundwater-ecological environment are also put forward.The results show that the central and eastern is the sensitive area of ecology to coal mining disturbance.The way of ecological damage caused by coal mining is surface subsidence,and the decrease and relative rise of groundwater level causes vegetation degradation and land salinization.Besides,the surface crack collapse caused by shallow coal seam mining destroys soil structure and aeration zone water and damages vegetation roots;the landslides induced by surface movement and deformation in loess hilly landform area cut off plant roots.Therefore,it must be pointed out that different evaluation index systems and prediction models need to be established according to different failure modes,and transparent dynamic geological model driven by big data should be constructed to show the dynamic intelligent monitoring and prediction and early warning of mining damage in real time,which can provide geological guarantee for the effective protection of ecological diving and ecological environment during coal mining.

1 煤-岩-水-环空间特征及耦合机理

   1.1 煤-岩-水-环的含义及赋存特征

   1.2 采煤对生态扰动机理

   1.3 煤-岩-水-环空间组合类型及开采损害区划

2 生态现状及面临的问题

   2.1 矿区生态环境现状

   2.2 面临的问题

3 智能一体化建设

   3.1 智能一体化建设目标

   3.2 智能一体化建设思路

   3.3 需攻克的关键技术

4 结论与建议