作为一种有效的煤分子微观结构研究手段，萃取技术能够破坏、分离煤分子结构当中特定的基团结构单元。利用萃取试剂提取官能团、自由基、小分子化合物等微观煤自燃进程主体反应活性结构，并依据红外光谱、核磁共振等测定结果，可进行煤分子表征构成、微观煤自燃反应序列推定等研究。通过文献调研梳理了国内外学者在煤自燃领域应用萃取技术的研究进展，分析了不同微观活性结构在煤自燃反应进程中的主导阶段，归纳了萃取试剂进行煤分子微观结构靶向提取的工作原理，阐述了各类萃取辅助技术对于煤体结构的修饰效应。各类研究成果将为不同变质程度煤体自燃各阶段内的基团反应序列推定提供理论基础，为煤自燃阻化材料的配置提供材料优选基础，为萃取辅助技术的发展和创新提供研究思路。展望了煤分子活性结构靶向萃取技术在微观煤自燃机理深入研究和煤自燃事故防控技术发展两方面的应用前景。并基于萃取技术发展革新的实际需求，提出了发展兼具高效性和靶向性的新式萃取技术，萃取辅助技术联用以提升煤分子修饰效益的工作机制，分析了煤体萃取反应工作环境参数的影响作用等不同方面的研究思路。旨在充分开发基于萃取技术的微观煤自燃倾向惰化机制研究及煤自燃防控应用技术的革新突破。以期从根本上实现煤自燃的高效防控，保障煤炭资源绿色、安全开采，推动煤炭工业可持续发展。

As an effective method of studying the microstructure of coal molecules, extraction technology can destroy and separate specific structural units in the molecular structure of coal. Extraction reagents are used to extract activity structure in the process of spontaneous combustion of coal, such as functional groups, free radicals, molecule compounds and other microscopic, and based on the measurement results of infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, etc, it can be used for research on the characterization of coal molecules and the estimation of microscopic coal spontaneous combustion reaction sequence. Through literature study, the research progress of domestic and foreign scholars in the application of extraction technology in the field of coal spontaneous combustionwas sorted out, the dominant stage of different micro-active structures in the process of coal spontaneous combustion reaction was analyzed, and the reaction mechanism of extraction reagents for targeted extraction of microstructures was summarized, and the modification effect of various assit-extraction technologies on coal structure was elaborated. Various research results will provide a theoretical basis for the estimation of group reaction sequences in various stages of spontaneous combustion of coal with different degrees of metamorphism, provide a material optimization basis for the configuration of coal spontaneous combustion inhibition materials, and provide ideas for the development and innovation of extraction auxiliary technology. The following part of the article explored the application prospects of coal molecular active structure targeted extraction technology in the in-depth study of the microscopic coal spontaneous combustion mechanism, and the development of coal spontaneous combustion fire prevention and control technology. Based on the needs of the development and innovation of extraction technology, some new research ideas like developing the new extraction technology with high efficiency and targeting, the working mechanism of auxiliary extraction technology combination to improve the efficiency of coal molecular modificationand the working environment parameters of coal extraction were put forward. The aim was to fully develop the research of microscopic coal spontaneous combustion tendency inerting mechanismbased on extraction technology and the innovative breakthrough of coal spontaneous combustion prevention and control application technology. In order to fundamentally realize the efficient prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion, ensure the green and safe mining of coal resources and promote the sustainable development of the coal industry.