煤系石墨是煤经受岩浆热变质及构造应力作用进入石墨化阶段的产物，发育不同程度石墨结构、具有石墨或类似石墨的物理化学特征和工艺性能，是战略性矿床晶质石墨的重要补充。为了给煤系石墨矿产资源评价和开发利用提供可靠基础，从煤系石墨成矿机制及演化途径研究入手，深入分析相关测试技术方法的适用性，以我国典型煤系石墨矿区测试数据统计分析结果为依据，制定科学合理的煤系石墨鉴别指标，建立煤系石墨分类分级体系。研究表明，煤系石墨是由不同演化程度的石墨化组分和残留煤岩显微组分组成的集合体，具有矿物学与岩石学或矿石学的双重属性，不同于区域变质成因的晶质鳞片石墨矿物，难以简单地采用单一指标鉴别。煤系石墨的形成是化学成分单一化、分子结构有序化的演化过程，鉴别指标亦应包括成分参数和结构参数两大类。挥发分和反射率指标在煤化作用阶段变化规律较明显，进入石墨化阶段后敏感性降低，可综合运用于初步区分煤与煤系石墨。煤石墨化的实质是纳米级大分子结构由无序向有序转化、结晶度增加和缺陷消亡的过程，因此，XRD和Raman等结构参数是鉴别煤系石墨和划分煤系石墨类型的可靠指标。基于煤系石墨测试数据统计分析所揭示的规律，采用d002=0.344 nm,G峰位=1 590 cm^-1和R₂=0.6区分煤与煤系石墨两大矿种;煤系石墨划分为半石墨和石墨2种类型，其中半石墨鉴别指标为d₀₀₂=0.338～0.344 nm,G峰位=1 585～1 590 cm^-1,R₂=0.5～0.6，石墨鉴别指标为d002＜0.338 nm,G峰位＜1 585 cm-1,R₂＜0.5。此外，成分指标固定碳与煤变质演化没有直接的对应关系，作为石墨矿石的品位参数，可用于评价煤系石墨矿石的质量等级。

The coal measure graphite is the product of graphitization stage of coal under the action of magmat ic thermal metamorphism and tectonic stress,develops different degree of graphite structure,has graphite or similar physical chemistry characteristics and technological properties,which is an important supplement to the strategic deposit of crystalline graphite.In order to provide a reliable basis for the mineral resources evaluation,development and utilization of coal measure graphite,the metallogenic mechanism and evolution process of coal measure graphite are studied,the applicability of related testing techniques is analyzed in depth,and a lot of test data from typical coal measure graphite mining areas in China are statistically analyzed,to formulate the scientific and reasonable identification index and establish the classification and grading system of coal measure graphite.The results show that the coal measures graphite is composed of graphitized components with different evolution degree and residual coal macerals,having the dual properties of mineralogy and petrology or ore,which is different from the crystalline flake graphite mineral of regional metamorphism,therefore,it is difficult to identify by single index.The formation of coal measure graphite is the evolution of chemical composition simplification and molecular structure ordering,so,the identification index should include two kinds of composition parameters and structure parameters.The volatile component and reflectivity change obviously in coalification stage,and the sensitivity decreases in the graphitization stage,which can be comprehensively used to distinguish coal and coal measure graphite in a preliminary way.The essence of graphitization of coal is the process of the transition from disorder to order,i.e.the increase of crystallinity and the disappearance of defect;thus,the structural parameters such as XRD and Raman are reliable indicators for distinguishing and classifying of coal measure graphite.Based on the statistical analysis of the test data,two kind ores,coal and coal measure graphite can be distinguished by d₀₀₂=0.344 nm,G peak position=1 590 cm^-1 and R₂=0.6.Coal measure graphite is divided into semi graphite and graphite,the identification indexes of semi graphite are d₀₀₂=0.338～0.344 nm,G peak position=1 585～1 590 cm^-1,R₂=0.5～0.6,and that for graphite are d₀₀₂＜0.338 nm,G peak position＜1 585 cm^-1,and R₂＜0.5.In addition,the component index of fixed carbon has no direct relationship with coal metamorphism,as a grade parameter of graphite ore,it can be used to evaluate the quality grade of coal measure graphite ore.

1 煤系石墨成矿演化机制

   1.1 煤系石墨及其演化过程

   1.2 煤系石墨成矿控制因素

   1.3 煤系石墨的特殊性

2 煤系石墨测试方法和鉴别指标

   2.1 固定碳(FCad)

   2.2 挥发分(Vdaf)

   2.3 氢碳原子比(H/C)

   2.4 反射率(R)

   2.5 X射线衍射分析

   2.6 激光拉曼光谱分析

   2.7 其他方法

3 煤系石墨类型划分与鉴别

   3.1 煤系石墨的分类与分级

   3.2 煤系石墨鉴别指标的选取

   3.3 煤系石墨鉴别指标体系的建立

4 结论