石煤中伴生有多种稀有金属元素，开发利用潜力巨大。稀有金属元素的赋存状态限制和影响了其从石煤中被提取出来的可能和效率，同时也决定了有害元素向周边环境的迁移、转化能力。立足石煤属性特点，设计了一套石煤稀有金属元素赋存状态分析的实验方案，根据物料平衡原则及相关参数对实验结果进行了系统的评价和验证，认为该实验方案设计合理、逻辑严谨、可操作性强，结果可信，适用于石煤中稀有金属元素赋存状态研究。通过对不同赋存状态中稀有金属元素质量分数分配情况进行分析得出，石煤中稀有金属元素赋存状态种类多样，总体以无机态为主，其中以杂矿态居多。其中Zr，Nb，Hf，Ta与杂矿态(石英、伊利石及难溶硅酸盐矿物)结合紧密，Li，V，Cr，Ga，Y，Ba，Bi，Th以杂矿态形式存在为主，Cu，Rb，Mo，Cd，Sb，W与有机质关系密切，Co，Ni，Zn，Y，Cd，Bi，Th与碳酸盐矿物存在联系，Y，Mo，Tl，Th存在少量的氧化物态，其他元素氧化物态含量较低;Co，Ni，Cu，Zn，Mo，Cd存在一定量的水溶态形式;大部分元素不存在或存在微量吸附态形式。研究结果有助于指导稀有金属元素的联合开发，有助于减缓有害元素向周边环境的迁移。根据石煤中稀有金属元素赋存特征，建议在石煤稀有金属元素提取工艺设计中选取温和、可控的破坏有机质方案，有机质破坏后再进行无机矿物态元素提取;重点关注“杂矿态”中赋存的稀有金属元素的联合提取，并且要注意残渣、废液的回收，以减少和监控有害元素向环境的迁移转化。

There are many rare metal elements associated with stone coal,which had great potential for exploitation and utilization.The occurrence state of rare metal elements limits the possibility and efficiency of their extraction from stone coal,and also determines the migration and transformation ability of harmful elements to the surrounding environment.Based on the characteristics of stone coal,an experimental scheme for the analysis of the occurrence state of rare metal elements in stone coal was designed.According to the principle of material balance and relevant parameters,the experimental results were systematically evaluated and verified.It was considered that the scheme design is reasonable,logical,maneuverable and the results are reliable,which is suitable for the study of rare metal elements in stone coal.The distributions of rare metal elements in different occurrence states were analyzed.It was concluded that there were various occurrence states of rare metal elements in stone coal,mainly in inorganic state,among which the majority was in the mixed mineral state.Zr,Nb,Hf,Ta were closely bound to miscellaneous mineral state (Quartz,illite and insoluble silicate minerals).Li,V,Cr,Ga,Y,Ba,Bi and Th were mainly in the form of miscellaneous mineral state.Cu,Rb,Mo,Cd,Sb,W were closely related to organic matter.Co,Ni,Zn,Y,Cd,Bi,Th were related to carbonate minerals.Y,Mo,Tl,Th had a small amount of oxidation state.Other elements had low content of oxidation state.Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Mo and Cd had a certain amount of water soluble forms.Most of the elements did not exist or had a trace adsorption state.The results could help guide the joint development of rare metal elements and slow down the migration of harmful elements to the surrounding environment.According to the occurrence characteristics of rare metal elements in stone coal,it is suggested to select a mild and controllable scheme of destroying organic matter in the extraction process design of stone coal rare metal elements,after the destruction of organic matter,inorganic mineral elements should be extracted,focus on the joint extraction of rare metal elements in “miscellaneous state”,and pay attention to the recovery of residue and waste liquid,in order to reduce and monitor the migration and transformation of harmful elements to the environment.

1 地质背景与样品采集

2 实验

   2.1 实验过程

   2.2 实验效果

   2.3 结果验证

3 结果分析

4 结论与建议