矿井瓦斯爆炸影响着矿井安全生产，瓦斯爆炸防治技术一直是矿井安全生产的重中之重。除了泄爆、隔爆等安全措施，抑爆也是一种高效防治技术。目前，投产使用的瓦斯爆炸抑制剂大多效果不佳，为了获取高效的粉体抑爆剂，以传统灭火剂KHCO₃为基体材料，加入适量的二茂铁和微量的助磨剂、干燥剂，运用行星式球磨机，采用干法复配技术得到催化型复合粉体抑爆剂。通过标准的20 L球型爆炸装置，测试催化型复合粉体抑爆剂对瓦斯爆炸产生最大爆炸压力、最大压力上升速率等相关特征参数的影响。根据爆燃指数的计算结果对催化型复合粉体抑爆剂减缓瓦斯爆炸的危害程度进行详细分析。基于粉体表征结果对催化型复合粉体抑爆剂的抑制机理进行讨论。结果表明，二茂铁的加入明显改善了传统灭火剂KHCO₃的团聚现象，提高了其热解性能。干燥剂增加复合抑制剂的疏水性能，使其在常温常压下更易储存和运输。球磨机的研磨使得复合抑爆剂的粒径大幅减小，经检测，催化型复合抑爆剂体积加权平均粒径为40.61 μm。催化型复合粉体抑爆剂最佳的抑爆减灾质量浓度为0.1 g/L，当二茂铁、KHCO₃、助磨剂与干燥剂3者质量比达到3∶16∶1时，催化型复合粉体抑爆剂展现了良好的抑爆性能：瓦斯爆炸最大爆炸压力降低31.6%、最大压力上升速率和爆燃指数均降低93.0%,抑制效果最佳。

Mine gas explosion affects mine safe production, and gas explosion prevention technology has always been the top priority in mine safety. In addition to explosion venting, explosion suppression is also an efficient prevention technology. However, most of the gas explosion inhibitors used in production are not effective. This study provides a catalytic composite powder inhibitor, which uses the traditional fire extinguishing agent KHCO₃ as the basic material, adding an appropriate amount of ferrocene and a small amount of grinding aids and desiccants by a planetary ball mill. Through the standard 20 L spherical explosive device, the influence of catalytic composite powder on the maximum pressure, the maximum rate of pressure rise, and other relevant characteristic parameters of the gas explosion were tested. According to the de agration index, the mitigating hazard effect of each composite powder inhibitor was analyzed in detail. It also elucidated the inhibition mechanism based on the characteristic parameters of the composite powder inhibitor. Results show that the addition of ferrocene significantly improves the agglomeration and pyrolysis performance of traditional KHCO₃ inhibitors. The desiccant increases the hydrophobic properties of the composite inhibitor, making it easier to store and transport under normal temperature and pressure. The planetary ball mill greatly reduces the particle size of the composite explosion inhibitors. After testing, the volumetrically weighted average particle size of the catalytic composite explosion suppressor is 40.61 μm. The optimum inhibition concentration of catalytic composite powder is 0.1 g/L. The composite powder inhibitor demonstrates a better suppression effect. The maximum pressure reduces 31.6% and both the maximum rate of pressure rise and the deflagration index reduce 93.0% when the total content ratio of ferrocene, KHCO₃, grinding aid, and desiccant reaches 3∶16∶1.

1 实验

   1.1 催化型复合粉体抑爆剂的制备

   1.2 粉体表征

   1.3 抑爆实验条件和方法

2 结果与讨论

   2.1 催化型复合粉体抑爆剂的表征结果

   2.2 不同浓度催化型复合粉体抑爆剂抑制效果对比

   2.3 不同浓度催化型复合粉体抑爆剂的抑制效果

   2.4 复合粉体抑爆剂对瓦斯爆炸爆燃指数影响

   2.5 催化型复合粉体抑制瓦斯爆炸压力机理分析

3 结论