充填效果、充填效率和充填效益(简称“三效”)3者之间的关系是充填开采理论设计及工程实施过程中难以回避的问题，但目前尚未形成“三效”关系的定量表征方法。针对固体非密实充填和密实充填，提出了“三效”的内涵，给定了“三效”的表征原理，阐释了“三效”优化控制的概念。以充填体在机械夯实作用和采空区覆岩压实作用下逐渐密实的过程为纽带，构建了基于固体密实充填“三效”与充填工艺、充填材料参数和充填体密实状态关系的分析模型。采用理论分析方法阐述了充填效果、充填效率与充填效益之间的相互关系，给出了“三效”的量化表征方法、求解流程和计算公式。基于单因素变量分析方法，研究了夯实次数、单次夯实时间、单个支架落料时间和堆料高度4个充填工艺关键因素以及自然安息角和夯实前容重2个充填材料关键因素对“三效”的影响规律，得到了4种“三效”关系类型。根据“三效”关系变化规律并结合充填开采关键参数设计流程进一步提出了针对固体密实充填的“三效”优化控制方法。针对唐山矿T3292充填工作面的“三效”分析表明:充填开采过程中实施了富余的夯实次数，降低了充填效率和效益，建议优化充填材料并减少夯实次数，从而在保证充填效果的同时实现较高的充填开采效率和效益。

The relationship between backfilling quality efficiency benefit (referred to as“BQEB”) is a problem that is difficult to avoid in the theoretical design and engineering implementation in backfilling mining.Also,a quantitative characterization method of the BQEB relationship has not yet been established.In this study,for solid non dense backfilling and dense backfilling mining,the concept,characterization theory and optimal controll method of BQEB has been put forward.Take the process of gradual compaction of the backfill under the action of mechanical tamping and the compaction of the overlying rock in the gob as the link,an analysis model based on the relationship between the solid dense backfilling BQEB,backfilling process,backfill parameters and compact state of the backfill is constructed.The relationship among BQEB is expounded,the meaning,solving process and calculating formula of BQEB are presented with theoretical analysis method.Based on the single factor variable analysis method,the influencing laws of four backfilling process factors,namely tamping times,single tamping times,dumping time of single backfilling shield and stack height,as well as two backfill factors,namely angle of repose and initial packing density of backfill,are studied,and four types of BQEB relationships are obtained.According to the BQEB relationship law and combined with the key parameter design process of backfilling mining,a BQEB optimal control method is proposed.The BQEB analysis of the T3292 backfilling face in Tangshan Mine shows that the surplus tamping times were implemented during the backfilling ming,thereby the backfilling efficiency and benefit were reduced.It is recommended to optimize the backfilling materials and reduce the tamping times,so as to ensure the backfilling effect and achieve a better mining efficiency and benefits.

1 充填开采“三效”关系构建

   1.1 “三效”表征原理

   1.2 “三效”表征方法

2 充填开采“三效”影响因素

   2.1 关键影响因素选取

   2.2 充填工艺参数影响规律

   2.3 充填材料参数影响规律

3 充填开采“三效”优化控制方法

   3.1 “三效”关系求解

   3.2 “三效”优化控制方法

4 唐山矿充填开采“三效”分析

   4.1 充填工作面概况

   4.2 “三效”分析及优化

5 结论