针对湿法选煤工艺中难沉降煤泥水净化处理过程存在的煤泥沉降困难、处理效率低、成本高等难题，从煤泥水源头控制、煤泥水处理方法及煤泥水终端处理装备等方面着手，结合神东矿区难沉降煤泥水处理的生产实际，讨论了煤泥减量化技术和药剂制度优化、水质调节、电磁场强化、微波处理、微生物处理、高效浓缩压滤等新技术的研究与应用现状，分析了难沉降煤泥水全流程处理技术在工业化应用过程中存在的问题，并对该技术的发展趋势进行了展望。煤泥减量化技术是难沉降煤泥水处理的源头，通过采用驰张筛等对物料进行高效干法脱粉，可减少进入煤泥水系统的煤泥量；对于已建成且工艺比较成熟的选煤厂，常采用优化工艺流程、减小筛板筛篮筛缝、调整操作工艺参数等措施减少次生煤泥产率；在满足生产要求的条件下，采用无压给料重介旋流器、减小矸石脱介筛筛缝、单独处理矸石稀介质、单独沉降并处理高频筛筛下水等措施减少矸石细泥的混入；加强生产组织和水量管理，有助于控制煤泥水系统的水量，防止粗颗粒物料的混入。难沉降煤泥水处理技术是煤泥水处理的核心，可向煤泥水中加入无机钙盐等高价金属阳离子，以调节煤泥水水质，促使煤泥颗粒凝聚；采用电磁振动高频筛等对浓缩池入料进行深度分级，有效降低煤泥产率；通过改进浓缩、压滤工艺流程及设备，采用电场、磁场、微波场处理和微生物絮凝药剂来协调强化对煤泥水的絮凝沉降效果，降低化学药剂对环境的副作用。煤泥水终端处理装备是难沉降煤泥水处理的落脚点和抓手，目前主要朝着大型化、国产化、高效化、智能化等方向发展。

In view of the technical problems of difficult-to-settle slime water purification and treatment in wet coal preparation process，such as difficult settling，low treatment efficiency and high cost，this paper discussed the research and application status of new technologies of slime reduction technology，agent system optimization，water quality regulation，electromagnetic field enhancement，microwave treatment，microbial treatment，high efficiency concentration and pressure filtration from the aspects of slime source control，slime water treatment method and slime water terminal treatment equipment，combined with the production practice of difficult settling slime water treatment in Shendong mining area. The problems existing in the industrial application of the whole process treatment technology of difficult-to-settle coal slurry water were analyzed，and the development trend of the technology was prospected. The slime reduction technology is the source of the treatment of difficult-to-settle slime water. The amount of slime entering the slime water system could be reduced by efficient dry screening of feeds using flip-flop screen. For the established and mature coal preparation plants，the yield of secondary slime often could be reduced with measures of the optimization of process flow，the reduction to screen gap of the screen basket，the regulation of operating process parameters. In order to reduce the mixing of fine gangue，the methods for using heavy-medium cyclones with pressureless feed，reducing screen gap of the gangue screen for medium-removing，separately treating unqualified media of gangue，separately settling and treating water of high-frequency sieving under the condition of meeting the production requirements. It could contribute to control the water volume of the slime water system and prevent mixing of coarse-grained materials through strengthening the production organization and water management. The treatment technology of difficult-to-settle slime water is the core of slime water treatment. Inorganic calcium salts and other high-priced metal cations can be added to the slime water to adjust the water quality of the slime water and promote the coalescence of coal slime particles. The yield of slime is effectively reduced by deep classification using electromagnetic vibrating high-frequency screens. The effects of flocculation and sedimentation could be strengthened by improvement of the concentration，filter press process and equipment，using of the electric field，magnetic field，microwave field treatment and microbial flocculation agent. Besides，the side effects of chemical agents on the environment could be reduced. The slime water terminal treatment equipment is the foothold and starting point of the difficult-to-settle slime water treatment. At present，it is mainly developing in the direction of large-scale，localized，high-efficiency，and intelligent.

0 引言

1 煤泥减量化技术

   1.1 高效脱粉技术研发应用

   1.2 次生煤泥减少措施

   1.3 矸石泥预先排除

   1.4 循环水量管理

   1.5 生产组织管理

2 难沉降煤泥水处理技术

   2.1 传统处理技术

   2.2 前沿处理技术

3 煤泥水终端处理技术与装备

   3.1 煤泥水处理设备的大型化、国产化

   3.2 煤泥水处理设备的高效化

   3.3 煤泥水处理设备的自动化与智能化

4 结语与展望