煤-水协调共采对维持西部矿区生态平衡、缓解区域水资源短缺具有重要意义，亟需通过揭示我国西部矿区煤-水协调共采的影响因子及其作用程度，为矿区水资源保护与生态文明建设提供参考。提出了一种基于全生命周期理论的煤-水协调共采的影响因子研究方法，按照煤炭开采对地下水系统的不同扰动程度与由此引发的其他生态互馈反应，将煤矿开发周期划分成3个阶段，在此基础上总结了各阶段的影响特点。通过分析部分井工开采煤矿开发现状与煤-水共采水平，结合西部矿区特殊生态环境特点，优选影响煤-水协调共采的相关指标，判别指标间的依赖、反馈、支配关系并划分锥底元素与锥顶元素，基于尖锥网络分析法(Cone-ANP)构建分析模型，建立不同阶段下的尖锥元素集，将其用于推求各影响因子的权重分布。研究结果表明：规划设计阶段含水层性质对协调共采影响作用较强；建设开采阶段采煤方法与开采工艺、塌陷土地治理率变成协调共采的主要影响因素；闭坑整治阶段老空水利用率与水质情况、废弃井巷利用率对协调共采影响程度最大。该研究成果为西部生态脆弱矿区协调共采综合效益的提高与开采技术的改进提供了一定的参考。

The coordinated coal-water mining is of great significance for maintaining the ecological balance of the western mining areas and alleviating the shortage of regional water resources. This article aims to reveal the influencing factors and their effects of coal-water coordinated mining in western mining areas in China，and to provide references for water resources protection and ecological civilization construction in mining areas. A research method for the impact factors of coal-water coordinated mining based on the full life cycle theory was proposed. According to the different disturbance levels of coal mining on the groundwater system and other ecological mutual feedback reactions triggered by this，the coal mine development cycle was divided into three stages，and the impact characteristics of each stage were summarized based on these stages. By analyzing the development status of some underground coal mines and the level of coordinated coal-water co-mining，combined with the characteristics of the special ecological environment in the western mining area，the relevant indicators that affect the coordinated coal-water co-mining were selected，and the dependence，feedback，and domination relationships between the indicators were identified and the cone base element and cone top element were categorized. An analysis model was constructed based on Cone-ANP，and a set of cone elements were established at different stages，and they were used to derive the weight distribution of each influencing factor. The research results show that the nature of the aquifer in the planning and design stage has a strong effect on coordinated co-mining; the coal mining method and mining technology、the treatment rate of collapsed land in the construction and mining stage become the main influencing factors of co-mining; the utilization rate and water quality of the old gob and the utilization rate of abandoned shafts and tunnels have the greatest impact on coordinated mining in the closed pit remediation stage. The research results provide a certain reference for the improvement of the comprehensive benefits of coordinated mining and the improvement of mining technology in the western ecologically fragile mining areas.

0 引言

1 煤-水协调共采全生命周期理论

   1.1 煤矿全生命周期理论

   1.2 煤-水耦合机理

2 煤-水协调共采生命周期阶段划分

   2.1 煤-水协调共采生命周期理论

   2.2 规划设计阶段

   2.3 建设开采阶段

   2.4 闭坑整治阶段

   2.5 各阶段影响因子选取

3 基于Cone-ANP确定权重分布

   3.1 尖锥元素集划分

   3.2 煤-水协调共采Cone-ANP结构建立

   3.3 煤-水协调共采影响因子权重的计算

   3.4 权重计算

4 结论