矿山信息化建设在经历了单机自动化、综合自动化、数字矿山几个阶段之后，在物联网、人工智能、大数据技术的推动下，正朝着矿山智能化和智慧矿山的方向发展。以数字孪生技术为核心，围绕矿山生产场景和智能装备的知识服务体系是智慧矿山下一步需要重点研究的方向。首先回顾了矿山信息化技术的发展，然后分析了智慧矿山的核心关键技术，从智能感知与智能装备、边缘计算与网络服务、数字孪生知识建模、平台与应用系统4个方面进行阐述。智能传感装置和智能装备的不断涌现，为智慧矿山前端感知和执行提供了基础，而即时的感知、分析和决策是智能装备自治、自主工作的前提；随着边缘网关计算能力的提升，需要设计面向应用场景的轻量级算法模型和高效云边协同机制，以满足智能装备即时服务的需求，同时，围绕5G的通信技术在矿山的应用，将进一步提升知识服务的快速响应能力；矿山运行机理、经验知识、大数据分析与数字孪生建模技术融合的矿山生产场景可信数字孪生模型，将成为智慧矿山知识服务的核心；面向大数据和知识模型的平台技术是矿山数字孪生和智能化服务的载体，大数据高效存取、分析和利用能够有效的促进矿山智能化应用服务的融合。矿山数字孪生及相关智能化技术的突破，将实现对矿山物理世界实时可测、可观、准确控制、精确管理和科学决策，从而建立少人化或无人化的矿山生产模式，为智慧矿山的发展奠定基础。

The construction of mine informatization has gone through several stages of stand-alone automation,integrated automation,and digital mines,and is developing in the direction of intelligent mines under the support of Internet of Things,artificial intelligence,big data,digital twins and other technologies. The next key research direction of intelligent mines will be around the mine site production scene and the knowledge service system of smart device or equipment. This paper first reviews the development of mining informatization technologies,and then analyzes the core key technologies of intelligent mines,expounding from four aspects:smart device or equipment,edge computing and network services,digital twins knowledge modeling,platforms and application systems. The continuous emergence of smart sensor devices and smart equipment provides a basis for the front-end perception and execution of intelligent mines.The real-time perception,analysis and decision-making are the prerequisites for the autonomous work of smart device or equipment.With the improvement of the computing power of edge gateways,it is necessary to design a lightweight algorithm model for application scenarios and an efficient cloud-side collaboration mechanism to meet the needs of real-time services of smart device or equipment. At the same time,the application of 5G communication technologies in mines will further enhance the rapid response capabilities of knowledge services.  The credible digital twins model of mine production scenarios that integrates mine operation mechanism,empirical knowledge,big data analysis and digital twins modeling technology will become the core of knowledge services for intelligent mines.Platform technology oriented to big data and knowledge models is the carrier of digital twins and intelligent services in mines.  Efficient access,analysis and utilization of big data can effectively promote the integration of mine intelligent application services. The breakthrough of digital twins in mines and related intelligent technologies will realize real-time measurable,observable,accurate control,precise management and scientific decisionmaking of the physical world of mines,so as to establish a less manned or unmanned mine production mode and lay a foundation for the development of intelligent mines.

1 矿山信息化发展历程

   1.1 单机（系统）自动化

   1.2 综合自动化

   1.3 矿山物联网

   1.4 矿山智能化

   1.5 智慧矿山

2 智慧矿山核心关键技术

   2.1 智能传感与智能装备

   2.2 矿山数字孪生建模技术

   2.3 边缘计算与网络服务层

   2.4 矿山大数据分析与智能化应用服务

3 结语