我国能源结构具有“富煤、贫油、少气”的特点。煤炭地下气化是在原位条件下，通过对煤炭资源进行有控制的燃烧获得气体资源，具有煤炭洁净化利用和低碳能源资源保障两大优势，将成为我国清洁高效现代能源体系发展的重要领域。本文系统总结了国内外煤炭地下气化的发展历程。基于众多实例的剖析，指出全球已开展的煤炭地下气化试验绝大多数都是在浅煤层进行的，安全性、环保性和经济性是煤炭地下气化规模化开展面临的挑战，相比于浅部煤炭资源，深部煤炭地下气化具有更多优势。分析认为我国煤炭地下气化的有效进行将面临3个关键问题：煤炭地下气化选区评价体系尚未建立，与地质条件相匹配的气化炉建造技术研究开展较少，不同类型煤炭资源气化剂与气化产物的关系研究尚不明确。为顺利推进先导性试验和工业化试验，亟需结合煤炭资源赋存地质条件，建立适用于我国的煤炭地下气化选区评价技术；系统开展不同类型煤炭资源的气化技术适应性研究，开发适用性的气化炉建造技术，优选合适的气化工艺控制气化产物中经济性物质的比例，不断调整优化，形成针对性的气化产物控制技术。在实现煤炭资源的安全、高效、清洁开发的同时，保障能源安全、改善能源结构、创造经济效益。

China’s energy structure is characterized by “rich coal and insufficient gas”. Underground coal gasification is to obtain gas resources through controlled combustion of coal resources under in-situ conditions. It has two advantages: the clean utilization of coal and the guarantee of low-carbon energy resources. It will become an important field in the development of clean and efficient modern energy system in China. This paper systematically summarized the development history of underground coal gasification at home and abroad. Based on the analysis of many examples, it is pointed out that most of underground coal gasification tests that have been carried out in the world are carried out in shallow coal seams, and the safety, environmental protection and economy are the challenges faced by the large-scale development of underground coal gasification.In terms of coal resources,the underground gasification of deep coal has more advantages. The analysis shows that the smooth and effective implementation of underground coal gasification in China will face several key problems: the evaluation system for the selection of underground coal gasification has not been established, the research on the construction technology of gasifier matching with geological conditions has not been carried out, the research on the relationship between gasification agents and gasification products of different types of coal resources is not clear, and the targeted policy support has not been formed.In order to smoothly promote the pilot test and industrial test, it is urgent to combine the geological conditions of coal resources to establish an evaluation technology for underground coal gasification selection in China; systematically carry out the research on the adaptability of gasification technology for different types of coal resources, develop the applicable gasifier construction technology. The appropriate gasification process is selected to control the proportion of economic substances in the gasification product, and the continuous adjustment and optimization are carried out to form a targeted gasification product control technology. While realizing the safe, efficient and clean development of coal resources, it also guarantees energy security, improves energy structure and creates economic benefits.

0 引言

1 国内外地下气化历史与现状

   1.1 国外地下气化历史与现状

   1.2 国内地下气化历史与现状

2 煤炭地下气化面临的挑战

3 煤炭地下气化发展亟需的配套技术

   3.1 建立气化地质选区评价技术

   3.2 开发适用性气化炉建造技术

   3.3 形成针对性的气化产物控制技术

4 结语