为了揭示煤岩动力灾害物理模拟的细观损伤机制，利用YYW-Ⅱ单轴压缩试验仪及PCIE-8声发射（AE）监测系统，探究了含不同长度预制单裂隙的砂岩相似材料试样在单轴压缩条件下的力学特性、破坏特征和损伤演化特性。结果表明：随着预制单裂隙长度的增加，试样的峰值强度和残余强度近似线性减小，分别由746.84 kPa和199.117 kPa减小至597.643 kPa和110.375 kPa，而峰值轴向应变和初始压密阶段应变近似线性增大，分别由0.018 18和0.002 40增大至0.023 61和0.005 32；预制裂隙对试样破坏形式及特征的影响增大，试样的主导破坏形式逐渐由剪切破坏，经剪切张拉复合破坏，演变为贯穿裂隙中部的纵向张拉破坏；试样的声发射（AE）事件累计和能量累计均呈逐渐减小的趋势，分别由465和82 278 J减小至306和54 152 J，AE事件活动逐渐减弱；试样损伤演化经历了初始损伤累积、损伤稳定发展和损伤加速发展3个阶段，稳定发展和加速发展阶段损伤增大，分别由0.621和0.734增大至0.655和0.817，预制单裂隙对试样损伤演化在加速发展阶段的影响大于稳定发展阶段，各试样的最大损伤变量差值在损伤稳定发展阶段和损伤加速发展阶段分别为0.017和0.042；相似材料在受载过程其力学、声发射、损伤特征具有较强的相关性，力学变化引发了损伤变化，而损伤变化又与声发射参数的变化具有较强的因果关系，AE事件特征参数可准确描述相似材料的损伤破坏特性。

In order to reveal the meso-damage mechanism of the physical simulation of coal and rock dynamic disasters,the YYW-Ⅱ uniaxial compression tester and PCIE-8 acoustic emission(AE) monitoring system were used to explore the mechanical properties,failure characteristics,and damage evolution characteristics of samples with different lengths of prefabricated single fracture under uniaxial compression. The results show that as the length of the prefabricated single crack increases：the peak strength and residual strength of the sample decrease linearly from 746.84 kPa and 199.117 kPa to 597.643 kPa and 110.375 kPa respectively,while the peak axial strain and initial compaction strain increase linearly from 0.018 18 and 0.002 40 to 0.023 61 and 0.005 32 respectively. The prefabricated fractures have an increasing influence on the failure mode and characteristics of the sample,and the dominant failure mode of the sample gradually changes from shear failure to longitudinal tensile failure through the middle of the fracture. The accumulative acoustic emission(AE) events and the accumulative energy of the samples showed a gradual decreasing trend,from 465 and 82 278 J to 306 and 54 152 J respectively,and AE event activity gradually weakened. The damage evolution of the sample has experienced three stages：initial damage accumulation,stable damage development and accelerated damage development and the damage increases during the stable development and accelerated development stages from 0.621 and 0.734 to 0.655 and 0.817，respectively. The prefabricated single crack has a greater influence on the damage evolution of the specimen in the accelerated development stage than in the stable development stage,and the maximum damage variable difference of each sample is 0.017 and 0.042，respectively in the stable development and the accelerated development stage of damage. During the loading process,the mechanics,AE,and damage characteristics of similar materials under load have a strong correlation,and the mechanical changes cause damage changes,which in turn have a strong causal relationship with the changes of AE parameters. The characteristic parameters of AE events can accurately describe the damage and failure characteristics of similar materials. The research results provide a basic reference for the exploration of the mechanism of coal and rock dynamic disasters.