耐火衬里是多喷嘴对置式( OMB) 水煤浆气化炉的关键组成部件，气化炉内剧烈的温度变 化会使耐火衬里产生很大的瞬态热应力，导致砖体开裂甚至剥落。 为提高耐火衬里的使用寿命，期 望对耐火砖的性能进行原位观察，然而，炉内的极端环境使得很难通过在线测试和实验手段对其内 部进行研究。 通过数值模拟方法，可以不受极端条件的限制，研究耐火衬里在气化炉运行期间遇到 的一些问题。 以某 OMB 水煤浆气化炉为对象，建立了 K 砖部位耐火衬里的有限元分析模型，综合 考虑材料参数随温度变化的影响，对烘炉、开车和停车阶段耐火衬里产生的瞬态温度场及应力场分 布进行计算分析。 结果表明，气化炉烘炉过程中热流从热面砖逐渐向钢壳传递，由于传热的滞后 性，当热面砖温度达到 1 300 °C 后，耐火衬里整体温度场还需 60 h 才能达到稳态;对于所有计算工 况，结构最大热应力都出现在热面砖顶部弯曲处，耐火衬里瞬态应力场与温度场变化规律相一致， 说明热应力大小与温度梯度有关，温度梯度越大，热应力变化越剧烈;气化炉停车降温过程中产生 的拉应力是导致耐火衬里产生裂纹的直接原因，在气化炉频繁的开停车过程中，耐火衬里不断受到 拉压应力的交互作用，是导致其发生断裂的根本原因;在气化炉开车和停车过程中操作温度不宜过 高，应在保证气化炉正常运行的情况下尽可能维持较低的操作温度。 数值仿真结果进一步为气化 炉耐火衬里的工况优化及安全稳定运行提供有效参考。

Refractory lining is a key component of the Opposed Multi⁃Burner (OMB) coal⁃water slurry gasifier. The drastic temperature change in the gasifier will cause the refractory lining to generate great transient thermal stress， which will cause the refractory lining to crack or even peel off.In order to improve the service life of the refractory lin⁃ ing，it is expected to observe the performance of the refractory bricks in situ.However，the extreme environment in the gasifier makes it difficult to study its interior through online testing and experimental methods.Through the nu⁃ merical simulation method，it is possible to study some problems encountered by the refractory lining during the opera⁃ tion of the gasifier without being restricted by extreme conditions.Taking a certain OMB coal⁃water slurry gasifier as the object，a finite element analysis model of the refractory lining at the K⁃brick was established.The influence of material parameters with temperature variation was considered comprehensively.The transient temperature field and stress distri⁃ bution in the refractory lining during the refractory preheating， start⁃up and parking stage were calculated and analyzed.The results show that the heat flow is gradually transferred from the hot surface brick to the steel shell dur⁃ ing the refractory preheating process of the gasifier.Due to the hysteresis in heat transfer，the overall temperature field of the refractory lining needs another 60 h to reach a steady state when the hot face brick temperature reaches 1 300 °C .For all the calculation conditions， the maximum thermal stress of the structure occurs at the top bend of the hot face brick. The transient stress field of the refractory lining is consistent with the temperature field， indicating that the magnitude of the thermal stress is related to the temperature gradient，the greater the tempera⁃ ture gradient， the more dramatic the change in thermal stress. The tensile stresses generated during the stopping and cooling of the gasifier are the direct cause of cracks in the refractory lining.During the frequent opening and stop⁃ ping of the gasifier，the refractory lining is constantly subjected to the interaction of tensile and compressive stresses， which is the fundamental cause of its fracture.The operating temperature should not be too high during the start⁃up and parking of the gasifier，and the operating temperature should be kept as low as possible while ensuring the normal oper⁃ ation of the gasifier.The numerical simulation results further provide an effective reference for the optimization of the working conditions and safe and stable operation of the refractory lining of the gasifier.