生物质与油页岩共热解制油可解决页岩油产率低、生物油含氧高等问题，兼顾了油产率及品质，且具有正向协同效果。共热解油精制后可作为石油的替代能源且具备较高经济性，能够缓解我国石油资源短缺的现状。基于以上背景，对生物质与油页岩共热解相关研究进展进行了综述。首先分别对油页岩、生物质热解特性进行探讨，论述了生物质原料及热解温度对共热解过程及产物特性的影响，特别是过高热解温度导致的二次反应对共热解产物分布的显著影响。在此基础上分别总结了共热解过程中普遍存在的自由基释放-结合机制、碱金属/碱土金属5种催化机制和不同种类矿物质催化机制，并基于此说明了共热解协同机理，即协同作用是自由基结合与多重催化机制共同作用的结果。最后基于研究现状，从新型设备、微观机理和数值模拟等角度对生物质/油页岩共热解未来研究方向进行展望。

Co-pyrolysis of biomass and oil shale to produce oil can solve the problems of low shale oil yield and high oxygen content of bio-oil, which considered both oil yield and quality with a positive synergy. The co-pyrolysis oil with high economy can be used as an alternative energy source for petroleum after refining, and further alleviate the oil shortage in China. Based on the above background, the research progress on co-pyrolysis of biomass and oil shale was reviewed. Firstly, the pyrolysis characteristics of oil shale and biomass were discussed, respectively. Then the effects of biomass raw materials and pyrolysis temperature on the co-pyrolysis process and product characteristics were clarified, especially the significant effect of secondary reactions on product distribution due to the excessive pyrolysis temperature. On this basis, the free radical release-binding mechanism, five alkali/alkaline earth metal catalytic mechanisms and various types of mineral catalytic mechanism were summarized. The synergy mechanism were explained as a result of the combination of free radicals and the multiple catalytic behavior. Finally, based on the research status, the future prospects of biomass-oil shale co-pyrolysis were proposed from several aspects including new experimental equipment, micro mechanism and numerical modelling study.

0 引言

1 生物质与油页岩热解概述

2 生物质与油页岩共热解特性

   2.1 共热解过程特性

   2.2 产物组成与分布特性

3 生物质与油页岩共热解协同机制

   3.1 自由基释放-结合机制

   3.2 协同催化机制

   3.3 共热解协同作用机理

4 结语