我国能源资源的赋存特点决定了在今后很长一段时间内，煤都是我国的主要能源。煤炭清洁转化利用以及对煤转化过程中污染物的处理对于我国经济社会的可持续发展和生态环境的保护意义重大。由于煤化工以及诸多煤转化工艺特殊的反应条件和煤特有的元素组成，煤气化煤气、热解尾气和焦炉煤气中都存在氰化物，煤气化、焦化等过程产生的废水和洗涤水同样含有一定量的氰化物，如氢氰酸（HCN）和氯化氰（CNCl）。氢氰酸和氯化氰均为高毒性气体，对含氰气体的吸附净化研究迫在眉睫。论述了净化气态氰基化合物的方法，目前对含氰气体污染源的处理方法主要有：吸收法、燃烧法、催化水解法、吸附法等。以氢氰酸和氯化氰为例，总结了其来源、处理方法和常用吸附材料。分析了活性炭、碳纤维、分子筛、金属有机框架等材料的制备方法和材料特性，目前针对多孔材料吸附剂的研究主要集中在表面改性上，使其在简单物理吸附的基础上增加化学吸附的贡献，提高活性组分负载量和分散程度、调节表面反应活性位点，这样不仅能提高活性炭基吸附剂的吸附容量和性能，且能避免因物理吸附作用力微弱而导致的吸附质脱附。对氰化物吸附材料的发展趋势进行展望，各类材料的研发重点在于：大规模、低成本连续化制备具有均一性和均匀性的吸附材料；提高材料的表面反应活性和结构效能，提高活性组分负载量和吸附容量，防止气相污染物吸附之后脱附；研发高效再生吸附材料，高效回收利用，避免产生有害固废，进而提高吸附材料的综合性能。

The occurrence characteristics of  energy resources in China determine that coal is the main energy in China for a long time in the future.  It is of great significance to the sustainable development of China′s economy and society and the protection of ecological environment by the clean conversion and utilization of coal and the treatment of pollutants in the process of coal conversion. Due to the special reaction conditions of coal chemical industry and many coal conversion processes as well as the unique element composition of coal, cyanide exists in coal gasification gas, pyrolysis tail gas and coke oven gas. The wastewater and washing water produced by coal gasification and coking also contain a certain amount of cyanide, such as hydrocyanic acid (HCN) and cyanogen chloride (CNCl). Hydrocyanic acid (HCN) is a colorless gas with a slight bitter almond flavor and highly toxic compound, which is easy to disperse in the air. Inhalation of high concentration hydrogen cyanide gas in a short time will cause asphyxia and acute poisoning. Cyanogen chloride (CNCl), soluble in water, is also a highly toxic chemical gas. After being inhaled by the human body, it will cause strong irritation to the eyes and respiratory tract and do strong harm to the human body. Due to its chemical properties and high toxicity, the generation of cyanide containing waste gas has brought many hazards to human body and environment. It is urgent to study the adsorption and purification of cyanide containing gas. The methods of purifying gaseous cyano compounds were introduced. At present, the treatment methods of gas pollution sources containing cyanide mainly include absorption method, combustion method, catalytic hydrolysis method, adsorption method and so on. Taking hydrocyanic acid and cyanuric chloride as examples, the sources, treatment methods and common adsorption materials were summarized. The preparation methods and material characteristics of activated carbon, carbon fiber, molecular sieve, metal organic framework and other materials were analyzed. At present, the research on porous material adsorbents mainly focuses on surface modification, so as to increase the contribution of chemical adsorption on the basis of simple physical adsorption, improve the loading and dispersion of active components, and adjust the active sites of surface reaction, which can not only improve the adsorption capacity and performance of activated carbon based adsorbent, but also avoid the desorption of adsorbate caused by weak physical adsorption force. The development trend of cyanide adsorption materials was prospected. The research and development of various materials focus on: Large-scale and low-cost continuous preparation of adsorption materials with uniformity and uniformity, improve the surface reaction activity and structural efficiency of the material, improve the loading capacity and adsorption capacity of active components, and prevent the desorption of gaseous pollutants after adsorption, efficient regeneration of adsorption materials, efficient recycling, avoiding the generation of harmful solid waste, so as to improve the comprehensive performance of adsorption materials. 

0 引言

1 含氰气体的处理方法现状

2 含氰气体吸附材料研究进展

   2.1 活性炭基吸附材料

   2.2 碳纤维基吸附材料

   2.3 分子筛基吸附材料

   2.4 金属有机框架材料

   2.5 其他吸附材料

3 结语与展望