矿山环境正效应开发与利用是推动生态文明建设、延长矿业产业链、推进国家能源结构转型发展、实现“碳达峰”“碳中和”战略目标的重要途径。为系统化研究废弃矿山正效应资源化开发利用，从能源结构转型、碳中和视角出发，分析了矿产资源采掘及其环境负效应的碳源和碳排放，剖析了矿山环境正效应的内涵及其资源属性特征，阐述了生态资源、可回收资源、可再生资源、空间资源、旅游文化科普资源以及原位科学实验资源等正效应资源的开发利用对于削减废弃矿区碳源、增加生态碳汇及推动碳减排的潜在优势。结合内蒙古自治区“十四五”生态文明建设和碳达峰碳中和目标，讨论了开发利用正效应实现碳减排和修复自然碳汇，促进能源结构转型，助力资源型城市碳减排，助力原位科学试验和绿色低碳科技转化以及普及低碳生活能源消费知识等方面的重要作用。结合废弃矿山正效应资源化开发利用中的多元约束条件，从市场化运作和有效的竞争导向、正效应产品和产业政策引导、数字化智能化开发利用以及精准化碳核算等角度提出废弃矿山环境正效应开发利用与管理的对策建议，以期对我国建设北方生态安全屏障、推进废弃矿山资源化再利用以及实现能源行业减排增汇、绿色低碳发展和能源安全战略的有机统一提供科学依据，助力实现国家碳中和战略目标。

The development and utilization of positive environmental impacts(PEIs) are important ways to promote the construction of ecological civilization,extend the mining industry chain,promote the transformation of the national energy structure,and achieve the strategic goal of “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutrality”. To study the development and utilization of PEIs resources in abandoned mines,this paper analyzes the carbon sources and emissions of mineral resources extraction and its negative environmental impacts from the perspective of energy structure transformation and carbon neutrality,analyzes the connotation of positive impacts of mines and the characteristics of their resource properties,and elaborates on the development and utilization of ecological resources,recyclable resources,renewable resources,spatial resources,tourism,cultural and scientific resources,and in-situ scientific experiment resources,etc. The potential advantages of the development and utilization of PEIs resources to reduce carbon sources in abandoned mines,increase ecological carbon sinks,and promote carbon emission reduction are explained. In the context of the 14th Five-Year Plan of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region’s ecological civilization construction and carbon-neutral goal,we discuss the important role of developing and utilizing positive impacts to achieve carbon emission reduction and repair natural carbon sinks,promote energy structure transformation,resource-based cities to reduce carbon emissions,in situ scientific experiments and green low-carbon technology transformation,and popularize the knowledge of low-carbon life and energy consumption. Given the multiple constraints in the development and utilization of positive impacts of abandoned mines,we propose countermeasures and suggestions for the development and management of positive impacts of abandoned mines from the perspectives of market operation and effective competition guidance,PEIs’ products and industrial policy guidance,digital and intelligent development and utilization,and accurate carbon accounting,with a view to building a northern ecological security barrier,promoting the reuse of abandoned mines,and achieving It is expected to provide a scientific basis for the construction of the northern ecological security barrier,promote the reuse of abandoned mines,and achieve the organic unity of emission reduction and sink increase,green low-carbon development and energy security strategy in the energy industry,and help to achieve the national carbon neutral strategy.