氢能作为一种零污染、高热值的二次能源，其高效生产和有效利用一直以来都是一个十分重要的课题。目前主流的制氢方式主要是煤炭的焦化和气化，然而，在煤炭的焦化产氢过程中会产生甲烷、一氧化碳等有毒气体，气化过程则会产生大量的二氧化碳，2种煤制氢方式不仅产生的氢气纯度低而且对环境不友好。因此，寻求一种低碳环保、产氢效率/纯度高的制氢方式至关重要。质子交换膜（PEM）水电解制氢具备宽范围快速动态响应能力，在新能源消纳、高比例新能源电网功率动态平衡方面应用前景广阔。但波动电源制氢过程中启停、过载、快速大幅变载等工况会影响质子交换膜电解槽中的关键材料和传热传质过程，导致耐受性不足及性能衰减加剧，严重制约了PEM制氢的大规模推广。因此，亟需开展PEM电解槽衰减机理和失效机制分析，为研发适于波动工况输入的高性能、长寿命PEM制氢装置提供理论指导。主要从传统的煤炭制氢技术6及其弊端、（PEMWE）的基本原理和优缺点、PEM电解槽性能优化的发展现状、PEM电解槽中催化剂、质子交换膜、双极板的衰减机理及其缓解策略5个方面来进行阐述，指导未来PEMWE系统的性能和耐久性提升。

Hydrogen energy，as a secondary energy source with zero pollution and high calorific value，has always been a very important subject for efficient production and utilization. At present，the hydrogen production mainly relies on theconversion of fossil fuels，especially from coalcoking and gasification processes. However，the toxic gases are typically generated during the coal coking productionprocess,such as methane and carbon monoxide.The gasification process can also produce large amounts of carbon dioxide. Besides，the hydrogen purity is insufficient for abovetwo conventional methods，which are also harmful for  the environment. Therefore，it is very important to finda new method with low carbon emission，high hydrogen production and environmental protection.The proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer(PEMWE),as one of the most promising ways to produce hydrogen by electrolysis of water，it possess a wide range of rapid dynamic response ability. Therefore，PEMWE has a promising application in the dynamic balance of new energy consumption and power grid with high proportion of new energy. However,thequick start/stop，overload,and dramatically variable loadhave serious impacts on the key material and heat/mass transportation process，which are unfavorable for PEMWE performance and life time.It retards the further commercialization of PEMWE technology. Therefore，it needs analysis the attenuation and failure mechanisms of PEMWE system，which can provide important guidance for the development of high-performance，long-life PEM hydrogen production units working on the fluctuating operating conditions.The study mainly discussesthe traditional coal hydrogen production technology and its disadvantages. Continually，the basic principle and characteristics of PEMWE technology is introduced including present development and degradation mechanism for catalytic layer，proton exchange membrane，and polar plate. The corresponding coping strategiesare finally analyzed.