以煤炭为主体的化石燃料目前占我国一次能源消费的80%以上，在“碳达峰、碳中和”目标下，二氧化碳捕集与封存技术(CCS)是二氧化碳(CO2)规模化减排的关键技术。对比了世界各国CCS工程应用的进展，全球目前共有164个CCS项目(分布在28个国家)，正在运行的CCS项目有56个(分布在15个国家)，美国、中国和英国是CCS项目总数排名前三的国家，正在运行的CCS项目数前三的国家为美国、中国和加拿大。介绍了CO2用于石油、卤咸水、天然气、可燃冰等地质资源开发并同步实现不同程度地质封存的技术原理。CO2驱油技术比传统生产方法碳强度低，同时能够利用原油采空区实现CO2封存。深部卤咸水层的理论CO2封存容量可实现保持大气中CO2浓度约为450×10-6，卤咸水及其所含矿物元素均可转化为收益从而抵消一部分封存技术成本。采用CO2驱替甲烷等气体时，岩层特性、注入压力和温度等决定了生产效率，天然气储存地层的密封性有助于减少CO2在竖直方向的扩散和损失。探讨了CO2地质封存协同高浓盐水处置、CO2用于地下煤气化、CO2用于干热岩开发技术。CO2封存协同高浓盐水处置可实现二者同时减量，浓盐水中的高硬度可加快CO2的碳酸化过程。CO2用作气化剂，可调节合成气的组成，但气化过程较难控制，煤气化产生的地层空间可用于CO2封存。CO2用于干热岩开发可节省用水、减少管道结垢等，但CO2较高损失率或导致封存效果不够理想。最后，总结了CCS面临的成套装备开发缺乏、技术原理认识不足、技术成本高、法律法规不完善等问题并对其应用潜力进行了展望。

Fossil fuels with coal as the main body currently account for more than 80% of the energy consumptionin China. The carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) is the key to reduce carbondioxide (CO2) emission at large scale, thus help us reaching the “carbon peaking” and realizing the goal of “carbon neutrality” in the whole world. The progress of CCS projects of countries across the globe are compared. There are 164 CCS projects around the world (distributed in 28 countries), and 56 on-going CCS projects (distributed in 15 countries). The United States, China and Britain are the top three countries on sum of CCS projects, and for on-going projects, the United States, China and Canada are top three countries. The technical principle of CO2 used in the development of petroleum, brine, natural gas, combustible ice and other geological resources and simultaneously realizing different degrees of geological storage is introduced CO2 flooding technology is less carbon-intensive than traditional production methods, and at the same time can use crude oil goafs to achieve CO2 storage.The theoretical storage capacity for CO2 in deep saline aquifer is adequate to keep the atmospheric CO2 concentration around 450 ppm, saline and mineral elements could be potentially benefit to offset the cost for CO2 storage to some extent. While CO2 is applied to displace methane and other gases, the formation characteristics, injection pressure and temperature determine the production efficiency, and the tightness of the natural gas storage formation helps reduce the diffusion and loss of CO2 in the vertical direction. Furthermore, technologies for CO2 geological storage with synergistic high-salinity water treatment, CO2 for hot-dry-rock driven power generation and underground coal gasification are discussed. CO2 storage with synergistic high-salinity water treatment could realize simultaneous cut of emission for both, and high hardness in the water could accelerate carbonation of CO2. CO2 is also used as a gasification agent, which can adjust the composition of syngas, but the gasification process is difficult to control, and the formation space generated by coal gasification can be used for CO2 storage. The use of CO2 in the development of hot dry rock can save water and reduce pipeline scaling, but the high loss rate of CO2 may lead to unsatisfactory sequestration effects.Finally, the problems of lack of complete equipment development, lack of understanding of technical principles, high technology costs, and lack of laws and regulations faced by CCS are summarized, and its application potential is prospected.