煤岩层位的识别与追踪是煤炭智能化开采的重要难题，常规的煤岩层位探测方法存在精度低、实时性差等问题，提出一种基于高频空气耦合雷达的煤岩层位识别与追踪方法，相比于传统方法，本方法可实现非接触式探测，并且能实时进行层位的追踪与识别。首先通过正演模拟分析了天线悬空耦合条件下高频雷达波在“空气-煤-岩”层位的回波反射特征，提出了“空气-煤”和“煤-岩”层的定位方法；其次对不同煤层厚度条件下的界面探测精度和误差进行分析，提出了“煤-岩”层精确定位方法，并建立了种子层位点的位置关系模型；针对雷达天线悬空高度受煤层起伏变化的影响，研究推导出煤岩层位动态探测过程中煤层厚度的解算算法；再次，根据 “煤-岩”层位种子点，提出以三级“窗口算子”为核心的煤岩层位追踪算法，实现了煤岩层位的快速追踪，提高了系统稳定性；最后开展了物理模型试验和现场探测试验，结果表明：物理模型探测中平均误差为±0.12 cm，平均误差百分比为2.18%，矿井工作面探测平均误差值为±0.71 cm，平均误差百分比为3.53%；基于1.2 GHz高频空气耦合雷达可在悬空条件下实时动态获取到1 m范围内煤岩层位信息，动态探测精度达到厘米级，研究成果为煤矿智能化开采以及透明地质模型的动态更新提供技术支撑。

The identification and tracking of coal and rock horizons is an important problem in intelligent coal mining. Conventional coal horizon detection methods have problems such as low accuracy and poor real-time performance. This paper proposes a coal rock horizon recognition and tracking method based on high-frequency air-coupled radar., Compared with the traditional method, the method can realize non-contact detection, and can track and identify the horizon in real time. Firstly, the echo reflection characteristics of high-frequency radar waves in the “air-coal-rock” layer under the condition of antenna suspension coupling are analyzed by forward modeling, and the positioning methods of “air-coal” and “coal-rock” layers are proposed; Secondly, the interface detection accuracy and error under different coal seam thicknesses are analyzed, the precise positioning method of “coal-rock” seam is proposed, and the positional relationship model of the seed layer is established. According to the influence of coal-rock horizon dynamic detection process, the calculation algorithm of coal seam thickness is deduced. Thirdly, according to the “coal-rock” horizon seed point, a coal-rock horizon tracking algorithm with three-level “window operator” as the core is proposed. The fast tracking of coal and rock layers is realized, and the stability of the system is improved. Finally, physical model experiments and field detection experiments are carried out. The results show that the average error in the physical model detection is ±0.12 cm, and the average error percentage is 2.18%. The average error value of detection is ±0.71 cm, and the average error percentage is 3.53%. Based on the 1.2 GHz high-frequency air-coupled radar, the information of coal and rock layers within 1 m can be dynamically obtained in real time under suspended conditions, and the dynamic detection accuracy can reach centimeter level. The results provide technical support for the intelligent mining of coal mines and the dynamic update of transparent geological models.