在全球能源向清洁化、低碳化、智能化发展的趋势下，发展氢能源产业已成为当前能源技术变革的重要方向，对我国实现新时代能源转型意义重大。基于此，对我国氢能源利用前景与发展战略开展系统研究。首先，结合我国氢能源产业链特点，从制氢、储氢、用氢等方面阐述了我国氢能源发展现状，在制氢方面，我国每年氢气产能约4 100万t、产量约3 342万t，是全球最大的产氢国；在氢气储运方面，由于应用规模小、技术装备水平低等因素，我国氢能源运输能力建设严重滞后，与国外存在显著差距；在加氢站建设方面，我国已建成运营加氢站127座，加氢站的设计、建设以及三大关键设备均实现国产化；在用氢产业方面，我国在交通领域、发电领域以及其他信息领域得到一定程度的商业化应用，特别是氢燃料电池产业得到快速发展。其次，对我国氢能源利用存在主要问题进行了深入分析，认为当前我国氢能源产业集群发展初见成效，但与国际氢能源发展相比，我国氢能源开发利用面临严峻挑战，特别是在燃料电池技术发展、氢能源产业装备制造等方面，缺少立足长远的国家氢能源发展战略与综合规划，亟待从发展战略与规划、基础研究、应用研究、产品开发、规范标准、性能测试、技术实证、商业创新等方面全面研究与布局。最后，对我国氢能源利用前景与应用场景进行系统分析，提出推进氢能源利用的战略举措和建议：在战略举措方面，一是要契合国家战略，坚持规划引领，做好氢能源产业发展战略规划；二是应突出平台效应，协同创新发展，发挥好各类核心氢能源产业化平台作用；三是要加强科技创新，深化产学研合作，加强协同创新，充分发挥科技创新在全面创新中的引领作用；四是健全人才机制，打造核心优势，充分调动科技人员的积极性和创造性。在政策建议方面，需进一步强化氢能源在国家能源体系中的重要地位，加强核心技术自主研发与技术标准体系建设，因地制宜选择氢能源产业发展路线，并适当引导国有资本在氢能源产业的优化布局，确保我国氢能产业的健康持续发展。

Under the trend of global energy development towards clean, low-carbon and intelligent development, the development of hydrogen energy has become an important direction of the current world energy technology transformation in the world, and it is of great significance for China to realize the energy transformation in the new era. Based on this, a systematic study was performed on the prospect and development strategy of hydrogen energy utilization in China. Firstly, combining the characteristics of China′s hydrogen energy industry chain, the development status of China′s hydrogen energy was described from the aspects of hydrogen production, hydrogen storage and hydrogen use. In terms of hydrogen production, China has an annual hydrogen production capacity of about 41 million tons and an output of about 33.42 million tons, making it the world′s largest hydrogen producer. In terms of hydrogen storage and transportation, due to the small application scale and low level of technical equipment, the construction of hydrogen energy transportation capacity in China lags behind that in foreign countries. In terms of the construction of hydrogenation stations, China has built and operated 127 hydrogenation stations, and the design, construction and three key equipments of hydrogenation stations have been localized. In terms of hydrogen industry, China has got a certain degree of commercial application in the field of transportation, power generation and other information fields, especially the hydrogen fuel cell industry has developed rapidly. Secondly, the paper deeply analyzed the main problems existing in China′s hydrogen energy utilization. At present, the development of China′s hydrogen energy industry cluster has achieved initial results, but compared with the international hydrogen energy development, China′s hydrogen energy development and utilization is facing severe challenges. Especially in terms of fuel cell technology development, hydrogen energy industry equipment manufacturing, etc., there is a lack of long-term national hydrogen energy development strategy and comprehensive planning. It urgently needs to be analyzed from the perspective of development strategy and planning comprehensive research and layout in basic research, application research, product development, specifications and standards, performance testing, technical demonstration, business innovation, etc. Finally, the prospect and application scenarios of hydrogen energy utilization in China were systematically analyzed, and strategic measures and suggestions to promote hydrogen energy utilization were put forward. In terms of strategic measures, firstly, it is necessary to conform to the national strategy, adhere to the planning guidance, and make a strategic plan for the development of hydrogen energy industry. Secondly, it should highlight the platform effect, coordinate innovation and development, and give full play to the role of various core hydrogen energy industrialization platforms. Thirdly, it is necessary to strengthen scientific and technological innovation, deepen industry university research cooperation, strengthen collaborative innovation, and give full play to the leading role of scientific and technological innovation in overall innovation. Fourth, it is necessary to improve the talent mechanism, create core advantages, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of scientific and technological personnel. In terms of policy recommendations, it is necessary to further strengthen the important position of hydrogen energy in the national energy system, strengthen the independent research and development of core technologies and the construction of technical standard system, select the development route of hydrogen energy industry according to local conditions, and properly guide the optimal layout of state-owned capital in the hydrogen energy industry to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of China′s hydrogen energy industry.

0 引言

1 我国氢能源发展现状

   1.1 制氢发展现状

   1.2 氢能源储运发展现状

   1.3 加氢站发展现状

   1.4 用氢产业发展现状

2 我国氢能源利用存在的问题

   2.1 氢能源产业起步晚

   2.2 “技术空心化”问题凸显

   2.3 应用场景较为单一

   2.4 产业发展商业模式尚待市场检验

3 我国氢能源利用前景与应用场景分析

   3.1 发展条件基本判断

   3.2 发展前景分析

   3.3 应用场景分析

4 推进氢能源利用的战略举措和建议

   4.1 战略举措

   4.2 发展建议

5 展望