煤层底板隐伏导水陷落柱和断层突水频繁造成华北型煤矿淹井和灾害。为研究危险源在底板含水层内的多种效应以及底板隐蔽水危险源定位技术，根据华北C-P煤田的水文地质条件进行了沙槽试验研究。试验显示，在流场稳定后测区内陷落柱效应表现为水头、水温和浓度等值线都呈同心的闭合圈状，危险源位于最大等值线闭合圈内；测区内断层的效应表现为水头、水温和浓度的等值线都呈平行线状，危险源位于两条最大平行线之间。2种危险源的温度和浓度最大等值线范围都远大于水头的范围和危险源的实际尺寸，且实际位置都靠近等值线密度大的一侧。试验发现不论危险源为何种类型，水头等值线在逆水流方向上稀疏，在顺水流方向上密集；温度和浓度等值线则在顺水流方向密集，逆水流方向稀疏。当危险源位于测区以外时，靠近危险源区域的等值线的密度大，远离危险源的区域等值线的密度变小且走向发生大幅度转折。测区外两种危险源的效应类似，难以区分。根据试验结果，研究了图解法和等值线拟合法2种危险源定位方法：对于测区内的危险源，可以采用图解法和拟合法定位，即通过最大等值线区域圈定危险源范围，再经试算得出误差最小的位置；对于测区外的危险源，只能采用图解法定其存在方向。

Concealed water-conducting collapse columns and fault water inrush from the coal seam floor frequently cause mines flooding and death disasters in North China coal field. In order to study the various effects of hazard sources in the floor aquifer and the location technology of hidden water hazard sources in the floor, an experimental study of the sand trough was carried out according to the hydrogeological conditions of the C-P coalfield in North China. Experiments show that after the flow field is stabilized, the collapse column effect in the survey area is represented as a closed circle with concentric contours of water head, water temperature and concentration, and the danger source is located in the closed circle of the largest contour; the effect of the faults in the survey area shows that the contour lines of the water head, water temperature and concentration are all parallel lines, and the hazard source is located between the two maximum parallel lines. The maximum temperature and concentration of the two hazard sources are far greater than the range of the water head or the actual size of the hazard sources, the actual locations are close to the side of the density of the contour lines. It is found that regardless of the type of hazard source, the water head contours are sparse in the direction of upstream water flow and and dense in the direction of the downstream flow, the isolines of temperature and concentration are dense in the direction of the downstream flow and sparse in the direction of the upstream flow. When the hazard source is located outside the survey area, the density of the contour lines in the area close to the hazard source is large, and the density of the contour lines in the area far from the hazard source becomes smaller and the trend changes greatly. The effects of the two hazard sources outside the survey area are similar and difficult to distinguish. According to the experimental results, this paper studies two methods of locating hazard sources: the graphic method and the contour fitting method. For the hazard sources in the survey area, the graphic method and the fitting method can be used to locate the danger source, the area of the dangerous source is delineated through the maximum contour area, and the minimum error location is obtained after trial calculation. For the hazard sources outside the survey area, only the direction of its existence can only be determined by graphic method.