新疆煤炭资源丰富，以低灰、低硫、低磷的发电和化工用煤为主，已成为我国煤炭开发利用的主战场。但由于特殊的地质环境和地下水作用，新疆部分煤层中富集了大量钠元素，引起的锅炉结渣结垢问题一直制约着高钠煤的清洁高效利用。新疆高钠煤及其中钠的分布赋存特征成为近10年来煤化学基础研究领域的一个热点。系统总结了煤中钠赋存状态研究成果，概述了煤中钠含量的测定方法,分析了控制煤中钠富集的关键地质因素，并讨论了煤炭利用过程中钠的迁移规律及其影响因素。研究表明:煤中钠的赋存状态以无机钠为主,少量为有机钠，逐级化学提取结果进一步表明煤中的钠以水溶态为主。目前对煤中钠含量的测定主要是通过燃烧和一定条件下的灰化、消解后进行的，但针对于新疆煤中钠以水溶态为主要赋存状态这一基本事实，逐级提取法可以减少样品前处理中钠的损失，进而更准确地反映煤中钠的含量。煤中钠的富集成因主要包括生物成分累积、碎屑沉积物输入、泥炭孔隙中溶液沉淀，以及成煤后期海水作用等。以往国内外对高钠煤的研究比较关注海水侵入的影响，但新疆的高钠煤中钠的富集需要重点考虑地表水淋滤和地下水驱动因素。在煤炭加工利用过程中,钠的赋存形式和煤炭利用方式决定了其释放途径。深入研究煤中钠元素富集的地球化学控制机理以及煤炭燃烧等过程中钠的迁移机制，对高钠煤的合理开发利用意义重大。

The coal resource in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, which is dominated by low-ash, low-sulfur, and low-phosphorus coals for power generation and chemical industry, is abundant and has become the main battlefield for coal development and utilization in my country. However, due to the special geological environment and the action of groundwater, a large amount of sodium is enriched in some coal seams in Xinjiang. The clean and efficient utilization of the high-sodium coal in Xinjiang has been constrained because of slagging and fouling. Xinjiang high-sodium coal and its distribution and occurrence characteristics of sodium have become a hot spot in the field of basic coal chemistry research in the past decade. This paper systematically summarized research results of the occurrence state of sodium in coal, summarized the determination method of sodium content in coal, analyzed the key geological factors controlling sodium enrichment in coal, and discussed the migration law of sodium and its influencing factors in the process of coal utilization. Previous research demonstrated that sodium in coal dominantly occurs as inorganic forms, with minor organic forms. The sequential chemical extraction further indicated that sodium in coal is mainly water-soluble. At present, the determination procedure for coal sodium is conducted through combustion and ashing and digestion under certain conditions. However, because sodium in Xinjiang coal is mainly water-soluble, a sequential extraction can reduce the loss of sodium in sample preparation and the sodium content can be detected more precisely.The enrichment of sodium in coal mainly includes the accumulation of biological components, the input of clastic sediments, the precipitation of solution in peat pores, and the action of seawater in the later stage of coal formation. Previous studies on high-sodium coal at home and abroad focused on the influence of seawater intrusion,but the enrichment of sodium in high-sodium coal in Xinjiang needs to focus on the surface water leaching and groundwater driving effect. In the process of coal processing and utilization, the occurrence form of sodium and the way of coal utilization determines its release pathway. In-depth study of the geochemical control mechanism of sodium enrichment in coal and the migration mechanism of sodium in the process of coal combustion is of great significance for the rational development and utilization of high-sodium coal.