煤炭开采引起的地质环境损害问题已成为关注和研究的焦点；尤其西部矿区以大规模、高强度开采主，引起的岩层及地表移动也呈现出变形速度快、损害程度深、波及范围广的特点，对其进行快速、准确、全面地监测是矿区生态环境保护、绿色矿山建设的关键。传统的地表移动观测方法和单一测量技术均难以满足需求；无人机（UAV）摄影测量与合成孔径雷达干涉（InSAR）优势互补，二者融合在地质环境损害监测方面具有优势，提出了融合UAV/InSAR监测矿山开采损害的关键理论、技术和方法。重点论述了UAV/InSAR融合新型多尺度观测站建立模式和二者协同观测方法；探讨了UAV/InSAR跨尺度异质遥感数据融合策略；提出了基于UAV/InSAR特征级融合的地表沉陷变形及关键环境因素精确提取的思路和方法；并以内蒙古王家塔煤矿为例进行了应用研究，首先采用UAV摄影测量和InSAR技术建立了工作面尺度“点-线-面”结合新模式观测站，同时获得研究区域的UAV光学影像、InSAR影像和主断面关键点水准数据；利用UAV/InSAR的特征级融合方法提取了矿区沉陷盆地，并利用UAV沉陷盆地和融合沉陷盆地分别进行求参。研究结果表明：UAV监测的最大下沉值为2 487 mm，中误差为81 mm，UAV测量误差对于沉陷盆地边界影响较大，导致无法精确获取盆地边界区域；InSAR监测的最大下沉为110 mm，远小于实际，InSAR受时空失相干影响，无法准确获取大变形区域沉降；通过InSAR/UAV特征级融合，得到了整体和边界区域精度更高融合下沉盆。在求参方面，单独UAV数据求取的下沉系数与水准结果的相对误差为1.4%，主要影响角正切偏差较大，约20%，主要为UAV下沉盆地边界误差较大所致。与单独UAV求参相比，融合下沉盆地数据求出的参数更准确，主要影响角正切的相对误差仅为5%，融合数据很好解决了单一UAV反演tan β误差偏大的问题。该工程案例表明了UAV/InSAR融合技术在西部矿区地表沉陷变形监测中具有显著的优势，可为西部煤矿开采地表损害监测提供技术支撑。

Geological environment damage caused by coal mining has become the focus of attention. The western mining area is dominated by large-scale and high-intensity mining, and the rock strata and surface movement caused by mining also show the characteristics of fast deformation speed, deep damage degree and wide spread range. Rapid, accurate and comprehensive monitoring is the key to ecological environment protection and green mine con-struction in mining areas. The traditional monitoring technology of surface movement damage and single measurement technology are difficult to meet the demand. UAV photogrammetry and InSAR have comple-mentary advantages, and their integration has advantages in monitoring geological environment damage. This paper puts forward the key theories and technologies of fusing UAV/InSAR to monitor mining damage, and focuses on the establishment mode of UAV/InSAR fusion new multi-scale observation station and the cooper-ative observation method. The fusion strategy of UAV/InSAR cross-scale heterogeneous remote sensing data is discussed. The idea and method of accurate extraction of surface subsidence deformation and key environmental factors based on UAV/InSAR feature level fusion are put forward. Taking Wangjiata Coal Mine in Inner Mon-golia as an example, the application research is carried out. A new model observation station in working face scale is established using UAV photogrammetry and InSAR technology to combine “point-line-surface”, and UAV optical images, InSAR images and key point leveling data of the main section in the study area are obtained. The UAV/InSAR feature-level fusion method is used to extract the subsidence basin in mining area, and the parameters of UAV subsidence basin and fusion subsidence basin are calculated respectively. The research results show that the maximum subsidence value monitored by UAV is 2 487 mm and the median error is 81 mm. The UAV measurement error has a greater in-fluence on the boundary of subsidence basin, which leads to the inability to accurately obtain the basin boundary area of basin. The maximum subsidence monitored by InSAR is 110 mm, which is far less than the actual situ-ation. InSAR is affected by spatio-temporal decoherence and cannot accurately obtain the subsidence in large deformation areas. Through InSAR/UAV feature-level fusion, the overall accuracy and boundary area of the fused sinking basin are higher. In terms of parameters calculation, the relative error between the subsidence coefficient calculated by UAV data alone and the leveling result is 1.4%, and the main influence tangent deviation is relatively large, about 20%, which is mainly caused by the large error of the UAV subsidence basin boundary. Compared with UAV alone, the parameters obtained by fusing the subsidence basin data are more accurate, and the relative error of the mainly affecting tangent is only 5%. The fused data well solves the problem of large tan β error. This engineering case shows that UAV/InSAR fusion technology has obvious ad-vantages in surface subsidence deformation monitoring in western mining areas. The research results provide technical support for surface damage monitoring in coal mining in western coal mining in China.