为研究近浅埋超大采高工作面采场矿压显现问题，以金鸡滩煤矿12-2108工作面为工程背景，利用矿压在线实时监测和理论计算的方法，对8.2 m超大采高综采工作面矿压显现特征及围岩控制对策进行了研究。研究得出：顶板结构组成是覆岩运动规律变化的核心，直接顶厚度薄随采随落，不能充满采空区；基本顶岩梁属于多岩梁有内应力场结构，端部切顶形成“等效直接顶”，“等效直接顶”主要表现为双关键岩梁结构，下位关键岩梁断裂导致小周期来压（步距15 m，来压强度在30 GPa左右），当上、下2组关键岩梁同时断裂叠合作用导致大周期来压（步距31 m，来压强度在46 GPa左右），周期来压呈现大小周期特征，一般大周期来压约为小周期来压步距2倍左右。现场监测初次来压步距达到98～117 m，周期来压步距平均在22 m，实测结果与理论分析基本吻合。实践证明“等效直接顶”跨落厚度的增加，减小了基本顶主关键岩梁回转空间，迫使基本顶铰接点上移，延缓了基本顶关键岩梁来压强度。针对超大采高综采工作面矿压显现规律及支架承载特性，在现场采取了合理控制采高、加快工作面推进速度、提高支架初撑力及三级护帮板等控制措施，有效避免了近浅埋超大采高端面漏冒、台阶下沉和煤壁大面积片帮相关灾害的发生，大采高综采支架工况良好满足生产要求。

In order to study the occurrence of mine pressure in the near-shallow buried and super-large mining height working face,the No.12-2108 working face of the Jinjitan Coal Mine was used as the engineering background,and the online real-time monitoring and theoretical calculation of the mining pressure was used to comprehensively mine the 8.2 m ultra-large mining height. The characteristics of mining pressure in working face and the control measures of surrounding rock were studied. It is concluded from the study that the roof structural composition is the core of the changes in the movement law of the overlying rock. The thickness of the direct roof is thin and falls with the mining,and it cannot fill the gob. The basic top rock beam is a multi-rock beam with an internal stress field structure,and the end is cut to form an “equivalent direct top”,which is mainly manifested as a double key rock beam structure. The fracture of the lower key rock beams results in a small period of pressure (step distance of 15 m and pressure strength of about 30 MPa). Simultaneous fracture and superposition of the key rock beams of the formation resulted in a large period of pressure (the step distance is 31 m,and the pressure of the pressure is about 46 GPa). Cyclic compression showed characteristics of a large and a small cycle. Generally,the large period of compression is 2 times that of the small one. In the field monitoring,the initial pressure step distance reaches 98-117 m,and the periodic pressure step distance is about 22 m on average. The measured results are basically consistent with the theoretical analysis. The increase in the thickness of the “equivalent direct roof” of the cantilever beam basically falls with the working face,reducing the rotation space of the main roof key rock beam,forcing the basic roof hinge point to move up,and delaying the compressive strength of the basic roof key rock beam. Aiming at the occurrence law of mining pressure in fully-mechanized mining face with super large mining height and the bearing characteristics of supports,control measures such as reasonable control of mining height,acceleration of the advancement speed of the working face,increasing initial support force of supports,and a three-level protection board were effectively adopted at the site to effectively avoided near-shallow buried super-large mining high-end surface leakage,bench subsidence and large-area coal wall-related disasters. The working conditions of the fully-mechanized mining support with large mining heights satisfactorily met production requirements.