巷道是煤炭生产的动脉。基于岩巷钻爆法施工，从爆破关键技术、掘进装备、爆破器材等方面，系统梳理了我国煤矿岩巷爆破掘进经历了爆破质量控制、掘进速度提升和巷道安全服役保障3个阶段的发展历程。在总结分析3个阶段发展特点及历程的基础上，重点介绍了煤矿岩巷爆破新技术的研究进展及工程应用：(1)周边定向断裂控制爆破技术，控制了爆炸能量在介质中的分布，验证了聚能药包对于提升巷道轮廓成型质量、降低围岩损伤以及减少炮眼数量的作用。(2)掏槽眼超深爆破参数优化技术，超深与循环进尺和巷道轮廓面面积相关，超深值直接影响炮眼利用率和单耗，针对淮南顾北矿的典型案例，当超深为400 mm时，爆破效果最好。(3)孔内分段装药爆破技术，最优上段炸药占比为0.382，结合数码电子雷管进行分段起爆，开创了在煤矿巷道采用数码电子雷管爆破的先例。(4)“相似”掏槽爆破技术，从理论上分析了传统掏槽爆破与“相似”掏槽爆破的区别，提出并证实了均化抵抗线的重要性。综合应用上述爆破技术，使全断面爆破的炮眼数量从（5～6）S的平均水平降低至（3～4）S (S为巷道断面面积)，实现了增加单循环进尺、提高炮眼利用率、控制巷道轮廓成型质量、降低围岩损伤等效果。从煤矿地下空间工程全生命周期来看，不断优化的爆破技术，降低了对围岩和结构体的循环动力扰动，保障了煤矿岩巷工程的长期服役安全。

Roadways are the arteries of coal production. Based on the construction of rock roadway drilling and blasting method, from the aspects of key blasting technology, tunneling equipment, blasting equipment, etc., the development process of rock roadway blasting in China's coal mines has gone through three stages: blasting quality control, driving speed increase, and roadway safety service guarantee. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing the development characteristics and history of the three stages, the research progress and engineering application of the new technology of rock roadway blasting in coal mines are mainly introduced: ① Peripheral directional fracture control blasting technology controls the distribution of blast energy in the medium, and verifies the effect of shaped charges on improving the quality of roadway profile formation, reducing surrounding rock damage and reducing the number of blast holes. ② In terms of parameter optimization technology for ultra-deep blasting of cutting holes, the ultra-depth is related to the cycle footage and the area of the roadway profile surface, and the ultra-depth value directly affects the utilization rate and unit consumption of the blast hole. For the typical case of Gubei Mine in Huainan, the blasting effect is the best when the over-depth is 400 mm. ③ In terms of segmental charge blasting technology in the hole, the optimal proportion of the upper explosive is 0.382, combined with the digital electronic detonator for segmental detonation, creating a precedent for the use of digital electronic detonator blasting in coal mine roadways. ④ In terms of similar-cut blasting technology, the difference between traditional notch blasting and similar-cut blasting is analyzed theoretically, and the importance of equalized resistance line is proposed and confirmed. The comprehensive application of the above blasting technologies reduces the number of blastholes in full-face blasting from an average level of (5−6) S to (3−4) S (S is the cross-sectional area of the roadway). The effects of increasing single-cycle footage, improving blast hole utilization, controlling roadway profile forming quality, and reducing surrounding rock damage have been achieved. From the perspective of the entire life cycle of the coal mine underground space project, the continuously optimized blasting technology reduces the cyclic dynamic disturbance to the surrounding rock and structure, and ensures the longterm service safety of the coal mine rock roadway project.

0 引言
1 我国煤矿岩巷爆破掘进发展的3个阶段
1.1 爆破质量控制阶段
1.1.1 巷道成型质量的关键在周边
1.1.2 煤矿许用炸药保障爆破作业安全
1.2 掘进速度提升阶段
1.2.1 巷道进尺的关键在掏槽
1.2.2 液压凿岩设备的发展
1.2.3 数码电子雷管的发展
1.3 巷道安全服役保障阶段
1.3.1 爆破技术保障安全高效掘进
1.3.2 掘进装备和爆破器材的智能化发展
2 岩巷爆破新技术
2.1 周边定向断裂控制爆破技术
2.1.1 技术概要与机理
2.1.2 技术应用案例
2.2 掏槽眼超深爆破参数优化技术
2.2.1 技术概要与机理
2.2.2 技术应用案例
2.3 孔内分段装药爆破技术
2.3.1 技术概要与机理
2.3.2 技术应用案例
2.4“相似”掏槽爆破技术
2.4.1 技术概要与机理
2.4.2 技术应用案例
2.5 技术总结
3 结论