绿色发展和2060年实现碳中和已成为我国的国家发展战略，矿区土地复垦与生态修复是煤炭工业绿色发展的必由之路。分析矿区土地复垦与生态修复的属性，发现其除了具有恢复绿色和生态功能外，还具有双重增汇作用，不仅抑制了受损土地产生碳排放，而且因植被和生态的恢复增加了碳汇，因此，矿区生态修复是绿色增汇技术，符合国家发展战略，将迎来全新的发展机遇。碳中和政策对矿区生态修复的激励主要体现在引导科学修复、立定先行标准、开展科技攻关、落实企业主体责任、建立工程示范、加强财政支持和建立市场机制7大方面。碳中和导向下的矿区生态修复将迎来5大技术挑战：(1)科学测算评估矿区生态修复带来的增汇效果，重点从监测目标、测算参数、参数获取和测算方法 4个方面进行研究；(2)将碳中和理念融入矿区生态修复规划设计、探索增汇的规划布局、修复措施以及优选增汇修复方案，发挥矿区生态修复规划设计对增汇的龙头作用；(3)地形重塑设计既要考虑原有的水土保持措施带来的植被恢复增汇效果，也要增加碳汇功能的专项设计和对比分析；(4)科学分析和评估不同土壤重构技术的增汇效应，推广增汇型土壤重构技术，同步开展增汇型重构材料及土壤剖面研究；(5)研发兼顾生态效益和增汇效果的植物种群选择和植被恢复技术。

Green development and carbon neutrality in 2060 have become China's national development strategy. Land reclamation and ecological restoration in mining areas are the only way to green development of coal industry. It is found that in addition to restoring green and ecological functions, it also has a dual role in increasing carbon sinks, which not only prevents and suppresses carbon emissions due to land damage, but also increases carbon sinks due to vegetation and ecological restoration by analyzing the properties of land reclamation and ecological restoration in mining areas. Therefore, mining area ecological restoration is a green technology for increasing carbon sinks, which is in line with the national development strategy and will usher in new development opportunities. The incentive of the carbon neutral policy to the ecological restoration of the mining area is mainly embodied in seven aspects: guiding the scientific restoration, setting the leading standards, carrying out scientific and technological research, implementing the main responsibilities of enterprises, setting the project demonstration, strengthening financial support and establishing the market mechanism. Five major technical challenges will be faced by the ecological restoration of mining areas under the guidance of carbon neutrality: ① Carry out the research on the effect of reducing carbon and increasing sink of ecological restoration in mining areas from the four aspects of monitoring objectives, measurement parameters, parameter acquisition and calculation methods, and simultaneously carry out the assessment of reducing carbon and increasing sink of ecological restoration in mining areas; ② Leading role of the ecological restoration planning in the mining area in the increase of carbon sinks is played through the planning incorporating the concept of carbon neutrality, the planning measures and schemes for the increase of carbon sinks, and the optimization of restoration schemes based on carbon sink; ③ In addition to considering the function of water and soil conservation traditionally, increases the design and comparative analysis of increasing the carbon sink function in landform remodeling design; ④ Scientifically analyze and evaluate the sink increasing effect of different soil reconstructions, popularize sink increasing soil reconstruction technology, and simultaneously research the sink increasing reconstruction materials and soil profile; ⑤ Research and develop plant community selection and vegetation restoration technologies considering both ecological benefits and sink enhancement effects.

0 引言
1 碳中和目标下矿区土地复垦与生态修复的机遇
1.1 矿区土地复垦与生态修复属性决定了其历史机遇
1.2 碳中和战略的相关政策将激励矿区土地复垦与生态修复
2 碳中和目标下矿区土地复垦与生态修复的挑战
2.1 矿区生态修复增汇测算评估
2.2 矿区生态修复规划设计中的增汇技术
2.3 矿区地形重塑中的增汇技术
2.4 矿区土壤重构中的增汇技术
2.5 矿区植被恢复中的增汇技术
3 结论
4 展望