煤炭是我国的支柱能源，煤炭工业是关系我国能源安全的重要基础产业。长期以来，我国地下煤炭资源开采一直以井工长壁121工法为主，这种开采体系存在煤炭资源浪费、巷道掘进率高、煤柱应力集中等问题。为解决现行开采体系存在的安全、开采成本和煤炭采出率三大瓶颈和突出问题，建立了基于采矿损伤不变量方程的采矿工程模型，分析了无煤柱自成巷力学原理。在此基础上，研发了顶板定向预裂卸压、NPR锚杆/索支护等成巷控制关键技术，实现了“拉得住、切得开、下得来、护得好”的技术目标，形成了无煤柱自成巷110/N00工法开采体系。110工法把采煤与掘进2套工序初步统一起来，使每个采煤工作面减少1条巷道的掘进，实现了无煤柱开采。N00工法则把采煤与掘进2套工序有机统一起来，利用矿压自动成巷，从而取消了回采巷道的掘进，彻底消除了采掘接续紧张的“老大难”问题。现场实践表明，110工法通过超前工作面预裂切顶卸压，利用矿山压力做功和垮落矸石的碎胀性实现留巷围岩自平衡。N00工法革新了原有采煤工艺，改变了传统采煤系统布局，实现了全采区无巷道掘进和无煤柱开采。

Coal is the principal energy of China, and the coal industry is an important basic industry related to the energy security. For a long time, the underground coal resources mining in China has always been based on the longwall 121 mining method. This mining system has many problems such as waste of coal resources, high rate of entry excavation and concentrated stress of coal pillars. In order to solve the three bottlenecks and prominent problems of “safety, mining cost and coal recovery rate” existing in the current mining system, we established a mining engineering model based on the mining damage invariant equation, analyzed the mechanical principle of automagical entry formation without coal pillars. On this basis, the key technologies of 110 and N00 mining method, such as directional presplitting and pressure relief of roof, NPR bolt/cable support are developed. The technical objective of “being able to control the roof, cut off the roof, make the roof easy to collapse and protect the entry rib” has been achieved. The 110 mining method of automagical entry formation without coal pillars and the N00 mining method at different development stages have been formed. The 110 mining method unifies the two sets of processes of coal mining and excavation initially, so that each coal mining face can dig one less mining entry, and no pillar mining is realized. The N00 mining method is based on the 110 mining method, which completely unifies the two processes of coal mining and excavation. The mining pressure is used to automatically form the roadway, thus eliminating the excavation of roadways and thoroughly eliminating the long-standing problem of strained relations of mining and excavation. The field practice shows that the 110 mining method cuts off the stress transmission between the roof of the goaf and the roof of the entry. The mine pressure and self balance of the surrounding rock of the retained entry is realized by using the crushing and swelling property of the collapsed gangue. The N00 mining method innovates the original mining technology, changes the layout of the traditional mining system, and realizes no entry digging and automatic entry formation in the whole mining area.

0前言
1 无煤柱自成巷平衡开采力学模型
1.1 采矿损伤不变量方程的采矿工程模型
1.2 平衡开采采矿不变量方程的解
1.3 切顶成巷力学原理及稳定性分析
2 长壁开采110/N00工法
2.1 采矿工法的历史演化
2.2 长壁开采110工法
2.3 长壁开采N00工法
3 无煤柱自成巷关键技术
3.1 定向预裂切顶卸压技术
3.2 NPR锚杆/索支护技术
3.3 N00工法成巷关键技术
4 现场工程应用
4.1 110工法现场应用
4.2 N00工法现场应用
5 结论