CO₂地质封存与利用工程实施具有十分可观的CO₂减排效果，推行CO₂地质封存与利用项目对于缓解全球气候变暖、践行我国可持续发展战略具有重要意义。梳理了目前主要的CO₂地质封存与利用方式，统计了全球范围内的CO₂地质封存与利用示范工程，重点介绍了我国典型CO₂地质封存与利用示范工程案例，并对CO₂地质封存与利用技术发展趋势进行了展望。目前，CO₂地质封存与利用方式主要包括CO₂驱油封存、CO₂驱替煤层气封存、CO₂咸水层封存、CO₂枯竭油气藏封存、CO₂驱替页岩气封存、CO₂深部咸水层封存与采水、CO₂封存与增强型地热发电、CO₂封存与铀矿地浸开采等；国内外在CO₂驱油封存、CO₂咸水层封存以及CO₂封存与铀矿地浸开采方面已形成了配套完整的技术体系，实现了广泛商业化应用，而在其他CO₂地质封存与利用方面尚处于现场试验与工程探索阶段；我国现已开展了23个CO₂地质封存与利用项目，含12个CO₂驱油封存项目、2个CO₂咸水层封存项目、7个CO₂驱煤层气项目以及2个CO₂+O₂地浸采铀项目。我国的CO₂地质封存与利用技术起步较晚，与欧美发达国家相比仍具有较大差距，未来亟待加快百万吨/年以上规模的CO₂地质封存与利用全流程技术与集群部署的工程示范，强化CO₂地质封存与利用集群化规模部署技术科学基础研究，重点解决工程化CO₂地质封存与利用全流程技术关键环节瓶颈。

The implementation of the geological sequestration and utilization of CO₂ (CGSU) has considerable effects on CO₂ emission reduction and is of great significance for the mitigation of global warming and the execution of the sustainable development strategy in China. Therefore, this study sorted the major methods for CGSU, made statistics of the global demonstration projects of CGSU, and primarily introduced the typical demonstration projects of CGSU in China. Furthermore, this study proposed prospects for the development trend of the CGSU technologies, which primarily include CO₂ enhanced oil recovery (CO₂-EOR), CO₂ enhanced coalbed methane recovery (CO₂-ECBM), CO₂ enhanced saline water recovery (CO₂-ESWR), CO₂ enhanced nature gas recovery (CO₂-ENGR), CO₂ enhanced shale gas recovery (CO₂-ESGR), CO₂ enhanced geothermal power generation (CO₂-EGP), and CO₂-based in-situ leaching of uranium (CO₂-ILU) at present. Among them, CO₂-EOR, CO₂-ESWR, and CO₂-ILU have been widely and commercially applied at home and abroad due to their complete technical systems, while other methods of CGSU are still in the stage of field tests and engineering exploration. A total of 23 CGSU projects have been implemented in China, including 12 CO₂-EOR projects, two CO₂-ESWR projects, seven CO₂-ECBM projects, and two CO₂-ILU projects. The CGSU technology in China started late and still lags behind that of developed countries in Europe and the USA. There is an urgent need to accelerate the construction of demonstration projects of the whole process technology and cluster deployment of CGSU with a scale of more than 1 million tons/year and enhance the basic science research on the technology and cluster deployment of CGSU in the future. The main purpose is to solve the bottlenecks in the critical links of the whole-process technology of CGSU.