煤与瓦斯突出灾害的有效防治一直是我国煤矿安全生产面临的挑战性难题，其前提和基础是对煤与瓦斯突出机理的深入研究。全面阐述我国近70年来在煤与瓦斯突出机理研究领域所开展的工作和取得的成绩，其研究过程分别经历了积极探索阶段(1955—1977年)、理论奠定阶段(1978—2002年)、快速发展阶段(2003—2015年)和稳定发展阶段(2016年至今)；基于文献计量学方法和科学知识图谱分析，探讨了突出机理的研究热点和前沿趋势。分别从理论假说、物理模拟、数值模拟3个方面系统总结了我国煤与瓦斯突出机理研究进展：理论假说方面，在综合作用假说的基础上，针对我国煤矿实际情况形成了以流变假说、球壳失稳理论、力学作用假说等为代表的新观点和新理论，奠定了突出理论研究基础；物理模拟方面，围绕突出主控因素、多物理场演化、能量转化与失稳条件、地质构造与构造煤、两相流致灾机制等方面进行了大量的试验研究，基本掌握了突出的发动条件、发展过程、演化规律及影响因素；数值模拟方面，主要开展了突出煤层、地质构造和突出两相流等方面的模拟研究，然而由于突出过程和影响因素的复杂性，仍无法实现突出全过程的模拟分析。目前，已初步形成了具有我国特色的煤与瓦斯突出理论体系，但时有发生的突出事故表明突出防治形势依然严峻。结合研究现状和发展趋势，认为应进一步研究突出全过程、全要素、全时空耦合演化过程，分析含瓦斯煤多尺度流变行为，探索煤层储能与动态释放过程，揭示复合与次生灾害成灾机制，形成煤与瓦斯突出耦合演化机理、力学模型、能量模型和灾变模型；在此基础上针对典型突出场景，开展复杂地层下突出物理模拟试验和全过程数值模拟反演，实现突出危险的实时监测和连续预警。

The effective prevention and control of coal and gas outbursts have always been a challenge for safe coal mining in China, and their prerequisite and basis are in-depth research on the coal and gas outburst mechanism. This study expatiated the efforts and achievements of China made in research on the coal and gas outburst mechanism over the past 70 years, which can be divided into four stages, namely active exploration (1955‒1977), the establishment of the theoretical foundation (1978‒2002), rapid development (2003‒2015), and stable development (2016 to the present). This study explored the hot research topics and frontier trends of the coal and gas outburst mechanism based on the bibliometric method and the analysis of knowledge graphs. Moreover, this study systematically summarized the research progress in the coal and gas outburst mechanism in China from the perspective of theoretical hypothesis, physical simulation, and numerical simulation. Regarding theoretical hypothesis, new viewpoints and theories represented by the rheological hypothesis, the spherical shell instability theory, and the mechanistic effect hypothesis have been formed based on the hypothesis of comprehensive effects and the actual conditions of coal mines in China, laying a foundation for the theoretical study of the coal and gas outburst mechanism. Regarding physical simulation, extensive experimental studies have been conducted focusing on the major factors controlling coal and gas outbursts, the evolution of multi-physical fields, energy conversion, instability conditions, geological structures and tectonically deformed coal, and disaster-causing mechanism of coal-gas two-phase flow. As a result, the occurrence conditions, development process, evolutionary patterns, and influencing factors of coal and gas outbursts have been roughly determined. Regarding numerical simulation, simulation studies have been carried out on coal seams suffering coal and gas outbursts, geological structures, and the coal-gas two-phase flow in coal and gas outbursts. However, the simulation analysis of the whole process of coal and gas outbursts is yet to be achieved due to the complex process and influencing factors of the outbursts. The theoretical system of coal and gas outbursts with Chinese characteristics has been initially formed. However, frequent coal and gas outbursts still indicate the severe situation of the prevention and control of the outbursts. By combining the study status and development trend, this study proposed further studying the whole-process, total-factor, and full-spatio-temporal coupling evolutionary process of coal and gas outbursts, analyzing the multi-scale rheological behavior of gas-bearing coal, and exploring the energy storage and dynamic release processes of coal seams. Moreover, it is necessary to reveal the forming mechanisms of complex and secondary disasters and, accordingly, to determine the coupling evolution mechanism, mechanical models, energy models, and catastrophe models of coal and gas outbursts. On this basis, it is suggested to carry out physical simulation experiments and whole-process numerical simulations and inversion of typical coal and gas outbursts under complex strata and to achieve real-time monitoring and continuous warning of the outbursts.