煤炭是我国的主体能源和重要的煤化工原料，新中国成立70多年来煤炭地质勘查工作紧密结合国家战略需求，为国家探明了急需的煤炭资源，保障了国家煤炭能源供应。通过系统总结近年来我国煤炭地质工作取得的主要成果，分析了当前新条件下煤炭地质工作发展面临的重大研究问题，明确了煤炭地质勘查工作定位，提出“1个理论、10个主要技术”的重点攻关研究思路，拓展了煤炭地质勘查工作的研究范围，对保障煤炭资源在我国经济和社会发展中发挥好“稳定器”和“压舱石”作用具有重要研究意义。研究认为：(1)新条件下煤炭地质勘查工作已由以保障煤炭能源资源安全为主发展为既要保障煤炭能源资源安全供应，还要为绿色矿山建设、矿山智能化开采与生态安全服务的煤炭生态地质勘查新阶段。(2)提出了煤炭地质勘查工作今后的重点是资源勘查与利用、地质条件评价与动态地质事件预警、矿山环境治理修复与生态地质层功能作用复原、地质条件改性等方面的10大重点攻关问题。(3)针对煤、煤系及煤盆地多能源多矿产资源赋存特点，需研究建立煤与煤系共伴生矿产协同勘查模式，在关注“煤”的同时，加大对煤系、煤盆地全域性的多矿产聚集规律和各类资源研究，推动煤、煤系及煤盆地多能源多矿产资源协同勘查与开发利用。(4)针对煤炭智能化开采面临的地质保障问题，加强多手段协同技术开展开采扰动条件下地下水渗流介质及流场演化规律研究，瓦斯(煤层气)逸散和突出机理等隐蔽致灾因素研究，为矿井水、气灾害防治等隐蔽致灾地质因素勘查和资源化利用提出精准分析与预测预报。(5)针对新条件下，煤炭地质勘查工作提升至煤炭生态地质勘查工作的发展需求，提出采用地质手段开展生态环境治理修复新思路，核心是通过人工干预和修复被扰动或破坏的生态地质层，形成与周边地质和生态条件等功能相协调的人造地质体。

Coal is a major energy source in China and an important raw material in the coal chemical industry in the country. Over the past 70 years since the founding of New China, coal geological exploration has been carried out in close combination with the national strategic demand, discovering the urgently needed coal resources for the country and ensuring the sufficient supply of national coal energy. This paper systematically summarizes the primary achievements made in coal geological surveys in recent years, analyzes the major research problems with the development of coal geological exploration under the current new conditions, and positions coal geological exploration. Moreover, it puts forward the key research philosophy of “one theory and 10 main technologies” and expands the research scope of coal geological exploration. This study is of great research significance for ensuring the role of coal resources as a “stabilizer” and “ballast” in the economic and social development of China. This study concludes that: (1) Under the new conditions, the coal geological exploration has shifted from ensuring the safety of coal energy and resources to a new stage, in which the coal geological exploration should serve the construction of green mines, intelligent mine mining, and ecological security in addition to guaranteeing the safe supply of coal energy and resources; (2) Ten major targets should be achieved in the coal geological exploration in the future, including the exploration and utilization of coal resources, the evaluation of geological conditions, the warning of dynamic geological events, the treatment and restoration of mine environment, the function restoration of ecological geological layers, and the modification of geological conditions; (3) Given that multiple energies and multiple mineral resources occur in coal, coal measures, and coal basins, it is necessary to study and establish a cooperative exploration mode of minerals paragenetic or associated with coal and coal measures. The purpose is to enhance research on the law of multi-mineral accumulation and various resources in the whole coal measures and coal basins while paying attention to coal and to promote the cooperative exploration, exploitation, and utilization of multi-energy and multi-mineral resources in coal, coal measures, and coal basins; (4) To deal with the geological guarantee problems with intelligent coal mining, it is advisable to enhance research on the seepage media and flow-field evolutionary law of groundwater under mining disturbance and on the hidden hazard-causing factors such as the mechanisms of gas (coalbed methane) escape and outbursts through multi-means collaborative technology. The aim is to make accurate analyses and predictions for the exploration and resource utilization of hidden hazard-causing geological factors such as mine water and CBM escape; (5) To satisfy the demand for the development of coal geological exploration into the ecological geological exploration of coal under new conditions, a new philosophy of performing ecological environment governance and restoration by geological means is proposed. The core of the philosophy is to form artificial geological bodies coordinating with surrounding geological and ecological conditions by manually intervening and restoring disturbed or damaged ecological geological layers.