在如今的双碳背景下，超临界二氧化碳压裂技术不仅能增透煤体，还能用于地质封存二氧化碳，因此其在煤炭领域越来越受到重视。然而超临界二氧化碳对煤体增透的作用机理和主要影响因素尚未明晰，故为掌握其作用机理，探究其主要影响因素，进行了数据处理和总结分析。首先，明确了超临界二氧化碳对煤体增透的作用机理主要包含3 个方面：对煤体微观组分的改造作用、对煤基质的溶胀效应以及对煤中瓦斯的驱替作用。其次，阐述了影响超临界二氧化碳增透煤体的主要因素包含作用温度、作用压力、作用时间和煤体含水率，并得到了主要因素与煤体特性之间的关系：煤体孔隙率和渗透率会随着作用温度的升高而降低，随着作用压力、作用时间和煤体含水率的增加而增大，且其与作用压力和短时浸泡时间皆符合正指数函数关系；煤体力学强度会随着作用时间和含水率的增加而逐渐弱化，且抗压强度、弹性模量和抗拉强度与作用时间皆符合负指数函数关系。最后，对超临界二氧化碳增透煤体所存在的问题进行了探讨，指出现今研究忽略了浸泡次数对超临界二氧化碳增透煤体效果的影响，以及缺乏对主控因素和最佳增透条件的分析，可以仿照循环液氮致裂试验来进行超临界二氧化碳循环浸泡次数研究，可通过正交实验法来确定超临界二氧化碳增透煤体的主控因素和最佳增透条件。研究成果对于优化超临界二氧化碳增透技术、封存二氧化碳以及提高煤层气抽采效果具有一定的指导意义。

Under the current carbon peaking and carbon neutrality background, supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing technology can not only improve the permeability of coal, but also geological storage of carbon dioxide, so it is increasingly valued in the coal field. However, the mechanism and main influencing factors of supercritical carbon dioxide on coal permeability enhancement are not clear, so in order to grasp its mechanism and explore its main influencing factors, it has carried out summary analysis and data processing. Firstly, it is clear that the mechanism of supercritical carbon dioxide to enhance the permeability of coal mainly includes three aspects: the transformation of coal micro-components, the swelling effect on coal matrix and the displacement of gas in coal. Then, the main factors affecting the supercritical carbon dioxide action on coal permeability enhancement are described, including the action temperature, action stress, action time and water content of coal, and the relationship between the main factors and the characteristics of coal is obtained: the porosity and permeability of coal will decrease with the increase of action temperature, but increase with the increase of action stress, action time and water content of coal, and they are in a positive exponential function with the action stress and the short-time soaking time; the mechanical strength of coal will gradually weaken with the increase of action time and water content, and the compressive strength, elastic modulus and tensile strength all conform to the negative exponential function relationship with the action time. Finally, the existing problems of supercritical carbon dioxide on coal permeability enhancement are discussed. It is pointed out that the current researches ignore the influence of soaking times on the effect of supercritical carbon dioxide on coal permeability enhancement, and lack the analysis of main controlling factors and optimal permeability improvement conditions. And the research on the soaking times of supercritical carbon dioxide can be carried out by imitating the soaking experiment of circulating liquid nitrogen, and the main controlling factors and the optimal permeability improvement conditions of supercritical carbon dioxide on coal permeability enhancement can be determined by orthogonal experiment. This has a certain guiding significance for optimizing the supercritical carbon dioxide permeability improvement technology, sequestering carbon dioxide and improving the effect of coal-bed methane extraction.