从煤炭及其衍生物中获得新型煤基碳材料是顺应双碳政策、助力煤炭精细化工水平与煤炭产业经济效益提升的有效方式。近年来，对于煤基碳点的制备与应用的研究日臻深入，碳点在调控复合物形成及能量转换中的作用日益凸显。首先综述了煤基碳点的制备与改性方法，然后着重介绍煤基碳点在复合物合成中发挥的诱导非均相成核、还原与稳定以及自组装后作为复合物载体等作用，并从光催化有机物降解与化学合成、电催化以及纳米酶3方面总结了煤基碳点及其复合物在催化中的应用进展。通过分析回顾煤基碳点领域研究成果与存在的不足，对未来的研究探索和挑战提出见解，以期促进多种煤基碳点新材料的设计研发，实现催化反应的高效与高选择性。

Preparation of novel coal-based carbon materials from coal and its derivatives complies with the Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, which is also an effective strategy to enhance the standards of coal-based fine chemicals and improve the economic benefits of the coal industry. In recent years, the research on the preparation and application of coal-based carbon dots (CDs) has been clearly demonstrated and their role in regulating the compound formation and energy conversion has also been discovered. In this paper, the synthesis and control strategy of coal-based CDs were reviewed firstly. Secondly, the functions of CDs in compound synthesis were emphasized, including the inducing of heterogeneous nucleation, reduction and stabilization, and self-assembly as the load carrier. Furthermore, the application progress in catalysis was summarized from the following aspects of photocatalytic organic degradation and chemical synthesis, electrocatalysis and nanozyme. This paper aims to summarize the research achievements and remaining problems in the field of coal-based CDs, thus to promote the design and development of various new coal-based materials and achieve efficient and highly selective catalytic reactions.

0 引言

1 煤基碳点的制备

   1.1 氧化刻蚀

   1.2 溶剂的影响

   1.3 物理作用

2 煤基碳点的结构、性质及其调控

   2.1 煤基碳点的结构与性质

   2.2 煤基碳点组成与结构调控

3 煤基碳点对复合物的调制

   3.1 诱导非均相形核

   3.2 还原性与稳定作用

   3.3 组装二维碳纳米片

4 煤基碳点及其复合物的催化应用

   4.1 光催化

   4.2 电催化

   4.3 纳米酶

5 结语与展望