College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University

随着国家和地方污水排放标准的提升,已建城市污水处理厂普遍面临提标改造的重要挑战,且出水总氮达标是提标改造任务的重点和难点。 基于此,本文阐述了双碳时代下低碳氮比城市污水生物脱氮提质增效的技术路径,展望了未来研究方向。 首先系统综述了城市污水厂强化生物脱氮效能的常规路径,立足深度挖掘原有生物处理工艺脱氮潜力和增设反硝化生物滤池深度处理工艺两个方面进行了总结;其次全面介绍了新型低碳自养生物脱氮工艺(如厌氧氨氧化、硫自养反硝化和铁自养反硝化)的研究进展和应用前景,为构建绿色、高效的自养生物脱氮系统以及异养-自养耦合深度脱氮系统提供理论依据与技术支撑;最后展望了未来城市污水生物脱氮的发展方向与趋势,通过与生物技术、材料技术和信息技术等多学科的交叉融合,推动污水生物脱氮领域的技术变革与科技创新。 本文以期为城市污水脱氮的减污降碳协同增效提供参考。

With the improvement of national and local sewage discharge standards, the upgrading andretrofitting of existing wastewater treatment systems become a major challenging task for wastewatertreatment plants (WWTPs). Specially, meeting the concentration limits for total nitrogen in the effluentis the important and difficult point. Thus, under the " carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" goal, thetechnological paths for improving the quality and efficiency of biological nitrogen removal (BNR) fromlow carbon to nitrogen domestic wastewater are elaborated in this review, and future study directionsare also suggested. Firstly, the traditional paradigms for enhancing BNR are systematically reviewed,primarily including deep excavation of the BNR potential of the original biological treatment process andincorporation with the denitrification biofilter advanced treatment process. Secondly, the research pro⁃gress and application prospect of low-carbon autotrophic BNR processes, such as anaerobic ammoniumoxidation, sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification, and nitrate-dependent ferrous oxidation, are com⁃prehensively introduced, which can provide the theoretical basis and technical support for the establish⁃ment of environmentally friendly and efficient autotrophic BNR systems or synergistic heterotrophic-au⁃totrophic advanced BNR systems. Finally, future directions and trends of BNR from domestic wastewaterare proposed. The integration of biotechnology, material technology, and information technology can drivetechnological change and innovation in the wastewater BNR field. This review aims to provide guidancefor the synergistic effect of pollution and carbon reduction of BNR from domestic wastewater.

国家杰出青年科学基金(52225001)

0 引 言
1 强化城市污水生物脱氮的常规路径
1.1 深度挖掘原有生物处理工艺的脱氮潜力
1.1.1 高效利用污水碳源
1.1.2 提升脱氮功能菌丰度
1.1.3 强化SND脱氮途径
1.2 增设反硝化生物滤池深度处理工艺
2 生物脱氮提质增效亟需新型自养生物脱氮工艺实施
2.1 厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)工艺
2.2 硫自养反硝化(SDAD)工艺
2.3 铁自养反硝化(NDFO)工艺
3 污水生物脱氮技术的研究展望
(1)加强微生物分离纯化培养与微生物组微观机制解析
(2)深化新型材料与污水生物脱氮技术的融合
(3)促进智能化信息技术实现精细化生物脱氮
4 结 论

李佳, 汪涵, 王亚宜. 城市污水生物脱氮提质增效技术现状与展望[J]. 能源环境保护, 2023, 37(2):48-61.

LI Jia, WANG Han, WANG Yayi. Improving the quality and efficiency of biological nitrogen removal from domes⁃tic wastewater: Current situation and prospects[J]. Energy Environmental Protection, 2023, 37(2): 48-61.