近年来，许多工业领域频繁使用化石燃料，导致温室气体（GHG）大量排放，大气中二氧化碳含量急剧增多。化石燃料的枯竭，全球变暖、气候变化以及燃料价格的急剧波动，使新型环保燃料成为研究热点。将二氧化碳转化为高附加值产品的过程被认为是应对气候变化和能源高速消耗的有效措施。甲醇是一种重要的化工原料和能源，在行业内的需求与日俱增。为顺应国家双碳目标和绿色环保战略规划，CO2热催化加氢制甲醇工艺得到广泛研究。使用二氧化碳生产甲醇工业生产过程中，二氧化碳的来源很多，可从炼油厂、炼煤厂、制锰厂等排放的烟气中分离。氢气可从绿色能源发电电解水得到，如太阳能、水力或风能发电。利用可再生能源进行CO2催化加氢制甲醇，不仅可在很大程度减少二氧化碳排放，碳资源也可实现循环再生利用，能有效缓解我国当前能源及化工原材料缺口。通过介绍甲醇性质以及近年来国内外甲醇生产技术发展历史，从催化剂和工艺方面综述了甲醇制备方法以及尚需解决的关键问题，目前二氧化碳制甲醇催化剂虽然有了一定研究进展，但其性能距实现工业化还有一定难度，CO2催化加氢制甲醇整体所需工业成本较高，其中制氢成本是影响过程经济性的关键因素。将可再生能源光、风、水等转化为电能，再用电解水制绿氢是理想的研究方向，不但不会大量排放二氧化碳，还会消耗二氧化碳，符合国家双碳和绿色环保战略规划。

In recent years, the frequent use of fossil fuels in many industrial sectors has led to massive greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and a dramatic increase in CO2 levels in atmosphere. The depletion of fossil fuels, global warming, climate change and sharp fluctuations in fuel prices have forced scientists to actively develop the new environmentally friendly fuels. The process of converting CO2 into value-added products is considered to be a possible way to deal with the climate change and high energy consumption. Methanol is an important chemical raw material and energy, the demand in the industry is keeping increasing. In recent years, to comply with the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the thermal catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 for methanol has been widely studied. There are many sources of CO2 for the industrial production of methanol using, which can be separated from the flue gases emitted from oil refineries, coal refineries, manganese plants, etc. Hydrogen can be obtained from the electrolytic water route for green energy generation, such as solar, hydro or wind power generation. The research on catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol using renewable energy sources cannot only reduce CO2 emissions to a great extent, but also the carbon resources can be recycled and reused, which can effectively alleviate the current energy and chemical raw material shortage in China.In this paper, the characteristics of methanol and the global development of methanol technology in recent years were introduced. The catalysts, preparation process of methanol and the key problems that need to be solved were reviewed. Although there has been some progress in the research of CO2 catalysts for methanol production, it is still difficult to realize the industrialization of CO2 catalysts. The overall industrial cost of CO2 catalytic hydrogenation to methanol is high, among which the cost of hydrogen production is the key factor affecting the process economy. Converting renewable energy such as solar, wind and water into electricity, and then using electrolysis of water to produce the green hydrogen, is currently the ideal research direction. Not only will it not emit carbon dioxide, but it will also consume carbon dioxide, which is in line with the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.

0 引言

1 甲醇概述

   1.1 甲醇基本性质

   1.2 甲醇生产工艺

2 CO2加氢制甲醇研究进展

   2.1 热力学分析

   2.2 反应机理

   2.3 催化剂研究进展

   2.4 工业生产进程

3 结语与展望