School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology
Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Mine Earthquake Monitor-ing and Prevention, China University of Mining and Technology
Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Mine Excavation Response& Disaster Prevention and Control, Anhui University of Science and Technology
State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources andMine Safety, China University of Mining and Technology

随着我国煤矿开采深度和开采强度不断增加,煤矿矿震以前所未有的频度和强度展现出来,引起政府部门和社会民众的广泛关注。在政府倡导及科研人员积极探索下,我国在矿震致灾机理研究与工程治理实践方面取得了一系列重要进展,在正确认识矿震现象与矿震灾害防控方面取得了长足进步。总结了矿震发生现状,基于我国煤矿矿震研究成果,系统阐述了矿震发生机理、破坏效应、防治技术等方面研究进展与主要难题。结论如下:矿震发生条件复杂,诸多学者从不同角度给出了矿震的定义与分类,总结前人研究后笔者从狭义和广义方面提出了矿震定义,根据矿震发生后的现象及发生机理对矿震进行了分类;矿震致灾现象普遍存在于矿山开采活动中,世界主要采矿国家均有记录,矿震灾害的专业预防与治理已刻不容缓;我国矿震的专业治理起步较晚,但近年来国家部委、省市以及地方管理机关陆续颁布关于矿震防范的规章制度,有力提升了我国矿震灾害治理和应急处置能力;总结了我国煤矿矿震宏观触发机制包括煤柱失稳诱发矿震、顶板破断运动诱发矿震以及断层错动滑移诱发矿震,矿震微观破裂机制包括震源张拉破裂、震源内爆破裂以及震源剪切破裂;从矿震震源参量、震动波传播衰减规律以及震动波扰动情况等方面探讨了矿震的致灾效应,归纳了矿震对井上下的扰动致灾评估方法;以源头防控为宗旨,以精准预防为方针,概括了我国煤矿矿震治理现状与难题。当前,我国煤矿矿震依然存在“震源找不准、灾害控不住”等难题,亟待深入研究矿震孕育发生机理、破坏效应及防控技术方法,以保障煤炭绿色安全高效开采,支撑国家深部资源开发和能源安全战略。

With an increasing mining depth and intensity in Chinese coal mines, unprecedented frequency and intensity ofmining tremors are attracting extensive attention from the government and society. Under the initiatives from the government and the intensive investigations, significant progress has been made in the research and engineering practice, whichgreatly enhances the understanding and hazard control of the mining tremors. This paper reviewed the state-of-the-art occurrence mechanism, damage characteristics and control of the mining tremors in Chinese coal mines and demonstratedtheir main challenges. The conclusions are as follows: due to the complicated occurrence conditions of mining tremors,various definitions and classifications of mining tremors have been proposed from different aspects. This paper has summarized these definitions and classifications and defines mining tremors from special and general aspects, respectively,which classify mining tremors in terms of phenomena and occurrence mechanisms. Because mining tremors are widespread in all mining countries in the world, targeted mining tremor hazards prevention and control are urgently needed. Although the research started late in China, the hazard control of mining tremors and the emergency dealing capacity havebeen significantly enhanced in recent years due to the implementation of the regulations and rules from the government formining tremors prevention and control. It has been summarized that from the macro view, the triggering of mining tremorsis mainly induced by the coal pillar failure, roof breakage and movement and fault slip, and from the micro view, the triggering of mining tremors mainly includes tension rupture, implosion rupture and shear rupture. The mining-tremor-induced hazards have been surveyed in terms of source parameters, seismic wave attenuation and seismic wave disturbances,and the methods for evaluating surface and underground damage triggered by mining tremors have been also concluded.To achieve hazard source control and precise prevention, the current situation of mining tremors treatment in Chinese coalmines has been outlined. At present, Chinese coal mines, it is still far away to achieve accurate hazard source identification and full hazard control. Therefore, to support the national strategy of deep resources development and energy security,future studies should focus on investigating the hazard-forming mechanism, damage effect and prevention and controltechnologies of mining tremors.

国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFC3004603);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52274098,U21A20110)

曹安业,窦林名,白贤栖,等. 我国煤矿矿震发生机理及治理现状与难题[J]. 煤炭学报,2023,48(5):1894−1918.

CAO Anye, DOU Linming, BAI Xianxi, et al. State-of-the-art occurrence mechanism and hazard control ofmining tremors and their challenges in chinese coal mines[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2023, 48(5):1894−1918.