随着煤层增透技术的发展，液氮冷浸致裂煤体促进瓦斯抽采的研究取得了广泛关注。为研究液氮冷浸对不同煤质煤体微观结构的改造效果，分别采用电镜扫描仪、压汞仪和低温氮吸附仪对液氮冷浸前后不同煤质煤样（贫煤、肥煤和无烟煤）的微观结构进行了联合表征，对比分析了液氮冷浸对不同煤质煤样孔体积、比表面积分布情况的影响。结果表明：液氮冷浸煤体产生的热应力大于煤的抗拉强度，导致煤的微结构破坏，出现微裂隙萌生或颗粒脱落等现象，显著增加煤的透气性；液氮冷浸后不同煤质煤样的总孔体积和比表面积均增大，肥煤总孔体积增长率最小，其次是无烟煤，贫煤总孔体积增长率最大；液氮冷浸促使煤样内部微孔、小孔、中孔及宏孔/裂隙的孔体积均增大，促使煤样内部大孔贯通形成宏孔/裂隙，导致大孔的孔体积减少；液氮冷浸后各煤样的孔比表面积均集中分布在10 ~ 100 nm，并有明显的峰值特征；液氮冷浸促使贫煤、肥煤和无烟煤煤样的吸附量增大，且处于中高压区(0.4 < p/p₀ < 1.0)时吸附量差值最大；液氮冷浸能够有效改造不同煤质煤样的内部孔隙结构，研究结果有利于揭示液氮致裂过程中煤储层宏观及微观孔裂隙的空间扩展与连通规律。

With the development of coal seam fracturing technology, promote the gas extraction by liquid nitrogen cold soaking fracturing coal has attracted widespread attention. In order to study the effect of liquid nitrogen cold soaking on the microstructures of different coals (lean coal, fat coal and anthracite) before and after liquid nitrogen cold soaking, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pore size distribution instrument and physical adsorption instrument were jointly characterized. The influence of liquid nitrogen cold soaking on the distribution of pore volume and specific surface area of different coal samples was comparatively analyzed. The results show that the thermal stress generated during the liquid nitrogen cold soaking destroys the microstructure of the coal or causes the initiation of micro-cracks, After liquid nitrogen cold soaking, the total pore volume and specific surface area of coal samples increase. The total pore volume growth rate of fat coal is the lowest, followed by anthracite, and the lean coal’s is the highest. The volume of micropores, micropores, meso-pores and macropores/fractures in the coal samples increase. cold leaching of liquid nitrogen causes macropores to pass through and form macropores/fissures in coal samples, resulting in the reduction of pore volume of macropores. After liquid nitrogen cold soaking, the pore specific surface area of each coal sample concentrate in the range of 10 − 100 nm, and has obvious peak characteristics. Liquid nitrogen cold soaking can increase the adsorption capacity of lean coal, fat coal and anthracite coal samples, and the adsorption capacity difference is the largest in the middle high pressure region (0.4 < p/p₀ < 1.0). Liquid nitrogen cold soaking can effectively transform the internal microstructure of different coals. The research results are helpful to reveal the spatial expansion and connectivity of macroscopic and microscopic pore fractures in coal reservoirs during liquid nitrogen cracking.