氟离子广泛分布于我国的地表河流与地下水体中，尤其是在西部黄河流域的沿黄矿区，矿井水中普遍存在着氟超标的问题，对当地生态环境和人体健康造成潜在的威胁。我国的氟污染现状多处于低浓度污染水平，常规水处理技术难以有效去除。吸附法凭借其吸附效率高、操作便捷等优点被认为是去除低浓度氟离子的有效方法。综述了目前常用的炭基、矿物类、金属类及金属有机骨架类（MOFs）吸附材料去除氟离子的研究现状，归纳并总结了不同因素对吸附材料的除氟效率和吸附机理的影响。重点分析了吸附法在矿井水处理的应用效果与运行成本，展望了吸附法应用低浓度（<10 mg/L）、大水量的含氟矿井水处理中的发展方向。总体而言，针对吸附法去除氟离子的研究中仍存在较大的改进空间。在吸附机理方面，应从吸附材料特性、氟离子的赋存形态和吸附材料与氟离子之间的相互作用机制等方面继续深入探究。而在吸附法应用方面，应以实际工程需求为导向，开发绿色安全的低成本吸附材料。基于上述研究，提出了吸附法除氟应用矿井水处理的研发方向，在明确当地政策及水质水量的原则下，重点开发以天然/废弃（矿）物和炭基、铝基或其他新型高分子吸附材料为基础的低成本、高效率的环境友好型改性吸附剂。并保证吸附材料在制备加工、投产应用以及循环再生的全生命周期的稳定性、经济性与安全性，从而提高吸附法在实际含氟废水应用的竞争力，提升吸附法的应用潜力。

Fluoride ions are widely distributed in surface rivers and groundwater bodies in China, especially in the mining areas along the Yellow River in the western Yellow River basin that there is a widespread problem of excessive fluoride in the mine water, which poses a potential threat to the local ecological environment and human health. The status quo of fluoride pollution in China is mostly at a low concentration pollution level, which leads to it difficult to remove efficiently through conventional water treatment technologies. The adsorption method is considered to be an effective way to remove low concentration fluoride ions because of its high adsorption efficiency and convenient operation. The research status of fluoride removal by commonly used adsorption materials such as carbon based, minerals, metals and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) was reviewed and summarized before summarizing the influence of different factors on the fluoride removal efficiency and adsorption mechanism of these adsorption materials. Then the application effect and operation cost of adsorption method in mine water treatment were emphatically analyzed, and the development direction of adsorption method in the treatment of low concentration (<10 mg/L) and high water content fluorine-containing mine water was prospected. In general, there are still some deficiencies in the study of fluoride removal by adsorption. In terms of adsorption mechanism, it should be further investigated from three aspects which includes the characteristics of adsorption materials, the occurrence form of fluoride ions and the interaction mechanism between adsorption materials and fluoride ions. For the engineering application of adsorption method, the demand of engineering application should be regarded as the guidance. Based on the above discussion, the research and development direction of removing fluoride ions from mine water by adsorption method is proposed, which is to focus on the development of low cost and high efficiency environment-friendly modified adsorbents based on natural/waste (ore) and carbon-based, aluminum-based or other new polymer adsorption materials under the principle of clarifying local policies and water quality and quantity. In addition, it is necessary not to improve the selective adsorption performance of the modified adsorbent for fluoride ions, but also to ensure the stability, economy and safety of the adsorbent in the whole life cycle of preparation, processing, production and recycling, thereby improving its competitiveness of the adsorption method in the actual application of fluoride containing wastewater and enhancing the application potential of the adsorption method.