煤泥脱水是煤炭洗选行业的焦点问题之一，采用自主设计的新型加压脱水效果智能监测试验装置，研究了辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚（OP-10）和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚（TX-10）2种表面活性剂对煤泥加压脱水效果，通过压滤脱水试验、平均质量比阻测量、毛细吸水时间（CST）测量、润湿热测量、压缩脱水指数测量和CT测试分析了表面活性剂对煤泥脱水效果的影响机理。压滤脱水试验、平均质量比阻测量、CST测量结果表明：OP-10和TX-10均能提高煤泥加压脱水效果，OP-10最佳药剂量为200 g/t，此时滤饼平均质量比阻为5.21×10⁶ m/kg，CST降低率最大14.25%，过滤速度相比原煤泥提高88.45%，水分为16.7％。TX-10最佳药剂量为400 g/t，此时滤饼平均质量比阻为9.31×10⁶ m/kg，CST降低率最大13.36%，过滤速度相比原煤泥提高76.57%，水分为18.2％。润湿热测量结果表明OP-10的润湿热为1.196 J/g，TX-10的润湿热为4.11 J/g，TX-10的亲水性高于OP-10，相对OP-10难脱水，因此OP-10表面活性剂的压滤脱水效果好。通过滤饼压力−形变关系分析得到了滤饼成型过程的3个阶段，发现压缩脱水阶段与脱水效果密切相关，进一步定义了压缩脱水指数CDI，CDI越低，滤饼可压缩性越高，相同压力下滤饼厚度降低幅度越大，水分越低，最佳浓度下的OP-10和TX-10作用下的压缩脱水指数分别为147.18和155.35。通过CT扫描技术，对原样和加入OP-10压滤成型的滤饼进行微观结构分析，发现原样的有效孔隙率11.96%，连通性差，孤立孔比例大，加入浓度200 g/t的OP-10时，滤饼有效孔隙率为20.43%，连通性好，迂曲度显著下降为1.9，滤饼的渗透率逐渐增大，平均质量比阻就越小，因此可以提高脱水效果。

The effect of two surfactants, octylphenol ethoxylate (OP-10) and nonylphenol ethoxylate (TX-10), on the pressurised dewatering of coal slurry, was investigated by using a new intelligent monitoring test device designed independently to monitor the effect of pressurised dewatering, The mechanism of the effect of surfactants on the dewatering effect of coal slurry was analysed by means of filter press dewatering tests, average mass-specific resistance measurements, Capillary absorption time (CST) measurements, wetting heat measurements, compression dewatering index measurements and CT tests. The results of the filter press dewatering test, average mass-specific resistance measurement and CST measurement showed that both OP-10 and TX-10 can improve the dewatering effect of coal slurry under pressure, and the best dosage of OP-10 is 200 g/t, at which time the average mass-specific resistance of the filter cake is 5.21×10⁶ m/kg, the maximum CST reduction rate is 14.25%, the filtration speed is 88.45% higher than that of the original coal slurry, and the moisture content is 16.7%. The optimum dosage of TX-10 was 400 g/t, which resulted in an average mass-specific resistance of 9.31×10⁶ m/kg, a maximum CST reduction of 13.36%, an increase in filtration speed of 76.57% and a moisture content of 18.2% compared to the original coal slurry. The wetting heat measurement results showed that the wetting heat of OP-10 was 1.196 J/g and that of TX-10 was 4.11 J/g. The hydrophilicity of TX-10 was higher than that of OP-10 and it was difficult to dewater compared with OP-10, so the filter press dewatering effect of OP-10 surfactant was better than TX-10. The three stages of the filter cake forming process were obtained through the analysis of the pressure-deformation relationship of the filter cake, and it was found that the compression dewatering stage was closely related to the dewatering effect, and the compression dewatering index CDI was further defined. The lower the CDI, the higher the compressibility of the filter cake, the greater the reduction of the thickness of the filter cake under the same pressure, and the lower the moisture, and the compression dewatering index under the action of OP-10 and TX-10 at the optimal concentration were 147.18 and 155.35 respectively. The effective porosity of the original sample was 11.96% with poor connectivity and a large proportion of isolated pores, while the effective porosity of the filter cake was 20.43% with good connectivity and a significant decrease in tortuosity to 1.9 when OP-10 was added at a concentration of 200 g/t. The permeability of the filter cake gradually increases, and the average mass specific resistance is smaller, so it can improve the dewatering effect.