Longyuan(Beijing) Carbon Asset Management Technology Co., Ltd.
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University
State Grid Electric Power Research Institute of Henan Province

中国煤电装机容量世界居首，是中国最大的碳源，也是中国双碳目标及世界气候目标实现的关键。首先，梳理了中国煤电的发展历程，指出中国煤电具有体量大、清洁化、低碳化、产能过剩的特点。其次，分析了中国煤电发展的主要制约因素，指出煤电关乎发展问题，对社会稳定、经济发展、能源安全具有重要影响，退出具有一定的复杂性。此外，梳理了发展煤电的政策，表明中国将严控煤电，推动煤电向基础保障性和系统调节性电源并重转型。进一步，总结了煤电技术及挑战，将煤电技术分为节能技术、减排技术和灵活性技术，其中节能技术分为高效技术和提效技术，减排技术包括煤与低碳燃料掺烧、煤与新能源耦合发电和CCUS，灵活性技术包括机组燃烧侧灵活调峰技术、热电联产机组热电解耦技术、发电侧储能调峰和提高变负荷速率调峰技术。同时，中国煤电面临碳锁定已经形成、节能减排技术受限、灵活性技术待优化3方面的挑战。最后，通过国内外煤电对比分析，表明中国煤电机组先进、煤耗和碳排放强度等方面接近或达到世界领先水平，但煤电技术原创力不足，在先进节能技术、减排技术等方面积累不足，处于跟跑阶段。未来，中国应加强煤电的灵活性运行，综合考虑灵活性需求、机组特性、经济效益、环保效益，合理选择灵活性运行策略，确保整体效益最佳。同时，积极开发低碳发电技术和减排技术，为煤电减量退出做好技术储备。

China leads the world in the installed capacity of coal power, which is the largest carbon source and the key to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals of China and the climate goals of world. Firstly, the development history of coal power in China is reviewed, indicating that coal power has the characteristics of large capacity, clean, low carbon and overcapacity. Also, the main constraints on the development of coal power in China are analyzed, indicating that the phase out of coal power has a certain complexity which is related to development and has a serious impact on social stability, economic development and energy security. In addition, the policies for the development of coal power are sorted out, indicating that China will strictly control coal power and promote the transformation of coal power to both basic security and system regulation power. Furthermore, the technologies and challenges of coal power are summarized. The technologies of coal power are divided into energy-saving technologies, emission reduction technologies and flexibility technologies, among which the energy-saving technologies are divided into high efficiency technologies and efficiency improvement technologies, the emission reduction technologies include coal and low-carbon fuel blending, coal and new energy coupling power generation and CCUS, and the flexible technologies include flexible peaking technology on the combustion side of the unit, thermoelectric decoupling technology of cogeneration unit, energy storage and variable load rate peaking technology on the power generation side. At the same time, the technological development of coal power in China faces three challenges: the carbon locking has been formed, the energy saving and emission reduction technologies are limited, and the flexibility technologies needs to be optimized. Finally, through the comparative analysis of coal power with that in other countries, it is shown that China’s coal power units are close to or reach the world’s leading level in terms of advanced performance, coal consumption and carbon emission intensity. However the original creativity of coal power technologies and the accumulation of advanced energy-saving technologies and emission reduction technologies are insufficient which are in the catch-up stage. In the future, China should strengthen the flexibility of coal power operation and choose flexible operation strategy reasonably to ensure the best overall benefits with comprehensive consideration of flexibility needs, unit characteristics, economic benefits, environmental benefits. At the same time, China should actively develop low-carbon power generation technologies and emission reduction technologies to make technical reserves for the reduction and phase out of coal power.

河南电力公司火电灵活运行能力技术提升研究资助项目(SGTYHT/21-JS-226)

于伟静，杨鹏威，王放放，等. 双碳战略背景下中国煤电技术发展与挑战[J]. 煤炭学报，2023，48(7)：2641−2656.

YU Weijing，YANG Pengwei，WANG Fangfang，et al. Research and challenge of coal power technology development in china under the background of dual carbon strategy[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2023，48(7)：2641−2656.