分析了我国矿山防水闸墙（门）发生的渗漏失稳典型案例，划分了渗透失稳类型；综述了防水闸墙围岩渗透失稳判据，推荐了防水闸墙围岩抗渗临界水力坡度的表达式；探讨了需进一步研究的关键科学技术问题。研究表明：防水闸墙渗透失稳可以分为3类，即水压致围岩裂隙和界面渗透失稳、水压致防水闸墙围岩变形破坏失稳、水浸泡致围岩劣化失稳。针对考虑防水闸墙围岩渗流失稳的防水闸墙围岩渗透安全系数进行了参数敏感性分析，发现围岩的岩体完整性系数、导水通道贯穿系数是主要影响因素，在设计和施工中通过增强围岩岩体完整性以及降低围岩导水通道贯穿性是保障其抗渗稳定性的关键。初步建立了防水闸墙和围岩抗渗临界水力坡度的表达式，考虑了岩体完整性、围岩与墙体之间的黏结强度、断层破碎带、赋存的地应力和水压环境、围岩浸水劣化性能等主控因素。参数敏感性分析表明：主控因素均为高敏感性因素，关键参数是岩体遇水浸泡损伤因子和导水通道贯穿系数。因此在确定抗渗临界水力坡度时要着重查明围岩的水理性质、结构面强度和水压等重要的基础资料。防水闸墙围岩组合体多场耦合条件下渗流场演变机理、防水闸墙−围岩交界面及围岩结构面渗流失稳机理及判据是亟待解决的2个关键科学问题。下一步应主要研究防水闸墙−围岩组合体地质模型及其赋存的地质环境演化、高压防水闸墙−围岩组合体渗透机理及失稳判据、全寿命周期安全性及稳定控制方法等。

The types of seepage instability of water retention bulkhead are divided according to the analysis of typical cases of leakage instability of water retention bulkhead in mines in China. The seepage instability criterion of water retention bulkhead is reviewed, and an expression of the critical hydraulic gradient against seepage failure of water retention bulkhead and surrounding rocks is recommended. The scientific and technological issues that need to be further researched, and the contents and ideas that need to be tackled urgently are discussed. The results show that the seepage instability of water retention bulkhead can be divided into three categories, namely, the seepage instability of the surrounding rock fracture and the interface between bulkhead and surrounding rock due to seepage, the deformation and instability of surrounding rock and water retention bulkhead caused by water pressure, and the deterioration and instability of surrounding rock caused by water immersion. The parameter sensitivity analysis was carried out for the safety factor of the seepage stability in bulkhead and surrounding rock, and the results showed that the rock mass integrity coefficient and the water-conducting pathway penetration coefficient of the surrounding rock were the main influencing factors. In the design and construction, enhancing the integrity of the surrounding rock mass and improving the impermeability of the surrounding rock water pathway is the key to ensuring its anti-seepage stability. For the calculation of the critical hydraulic gradient against seepage failure of water retention bulkhead, the integrity of the rock mass, the adhesion strength between the surrounding rock and the bulkhead, the fault fracture zone, the ground stress and hydraulic environment, and the deterioration performance of the surrounding rock immersion should comprehensively be considered. The parameter sensitivity analysis shows that these factors are all highly sensitive factors, and the key parameters are the water immersion damage factor and the water-conducting pathway penetration coefficient of the rock mass; therefore, when determining the critical hydraulic gradient, it is necessary to focus on finding out the important basic data such as the hydraulic properties, the strength of structural surface strength of the surrounding rock and the water pressure applied to the retention bulkhead. The evolution mechanism of seepage field under the multi-field coupling conditions of the water retention bulkhead and surrounding rock combination, the stabilization mechanism of seepage failure at the intersection of the bulkhead-surrounding rock and the discontinuities of the surrounding rock structure are two key scientific problems that need to be solved urgently. In the next step, the geological model of the bulkhead -surrounding rock combination and its geological environment evolution, the seepage mechanism and instability criterion with high water pressure, the life-cycle safety and stability control methods should be studied.