China Coal Research Institute Corporation Ltd.
National Energy Technology & Equipment Laboratory of Coal Utilization and Emission Control
School of Chemical & Enviromental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology⁃Beijing

煤制油技术是国家能源安全战略的重要组成部分及推进煤炭消费转型升级的战略性举措,而油煤浆黏度变化规律及流变特性研究是煤制油技术开发中涉及的重要基础科学问题,可为油煤浆配制、输送、加压和加热过程的优化设计和操作条件优化提供理论指导和技术支持。从原料性质与工艺条件对油煤浆黏度变化规律及油煤浆流变特性研究进行综述,系统介绍溶剂性质、煤变质程度、煤显微组分、煤中矿物质、溶胀作用、煤粉添加量、煤粉粒度、煤中含水率、制浆温度和反应产物对油煤浆黏度变化规律的影响,梳理油煤浆流变特性研究进展,总结其研究方向以期为煤制油行业发展提供参考。目前关于油煤浆黏度变化规律研究已取得一定进展,油煤浆黏度受溶剂性质、煤自身性质和制浆条件等综合条件影响,通过优化煤粉粒度体系可有效降低油煤浆黏度,建立油煤浆黏温特性曲线有助于指导工业装置运行。常温常压下油煤浆黏度变化规律研究较为充分,而在反应过程的升温与高温段相关研究较为欠缺,有必要对升温段和高温段油煤浆黏度变化规律及油煤浆黏温特性机理展开进一步研究。油煤浆的流变特性与原料性质有重要关系,其流变类型受煤种、温度、粒度分布、剪切速率等因素影响,即油煤浆体系在不同剪切速率范围内表现不一样的流体特征,添加煤粉使浆体具有明显的结构化特征,从而导致浆体表现出一定程度的屈服应力或弹性。但当前关于油煤浆流变特性的研究仍较为宏观,需开发先进的实验技术与表征方法,实现油煤浆微观结构的原位动态表征,进而解释其宏观物理化学变化规律。未来需进一步推进高温高压油煤浆黏度测试标准与标准设备开发,系统研究溶剂组成与结构特征对油煤浆黏度的影响及流变特性规律,开发新型油煤浆降黏提浓技术,构建基于原料组分特点的油煤浆黏度预测模型,重点开展油煤浆输送稳定性、管道输送特性和抑制高温壁面结焦倾向研究。

Coal⁃to⁃liquids (CTL) technology is an important part of the national energy security strategy and a strate⁃gic measure to promote the transformation and upgrading of coal consumption. Furthermore, the research on the vis⁃cosity change rule and rheological properties of oil⁃coal slurry is a vital basic scientific issue involved in the develop⁃ment of CTL technology. It can provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the optimum design and opera⁃tion conditions of the preparation, transportation, pressurization, and heating process of oil⁃coal slurry. Based onthe properties of raw materials and technological conditions, the research on the viscosity change law and rheologicalproperties of oil⁃coal slurry was reviewed. The effects of solvent properties, coal metamorphism, coal maceral, min⁃erals, swelling, coal pulverized content, coal particle size, water content in coal, pulping temperature, and reac⁃tion products on the viscosity change law of oil⁃coal slurry were systematically introduced. The research progress of therheological properties of the oil⁃coal slurry was reviewed, and the research direction of viscosity change and rheologi⁃cal properties of the oil⁃coal slurry was summarized to provide a reference for the development of the CTL industry. Atpresent, certain progress has been made in the research on the viscosity change law of oil⁃coal slurry. The viscosity ofthe oil⁃coal slurry is affected by comprehensive conditions such as the properties of solvents, the nature of coal, andpulping conditions. By optimizing the particle size system of coal powder, the viscosity of oil⁃coal slurry can be effec⁃tively reduced, and the establishment of a viscosity⁃temperature characteristic curve of oil⁃coal slurry is helpful toguide the operation of industrial equipment. Research on the viscosity variation of oil⁃coal slurry under normal temper⁃ature and pressure is sufficient, but there is a lack of relevant research on the heating stage and high temperaturestage of the reaction process. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out further research on the viscosity variation law andthe mechanism of viscose⁃temperature characteristics of oil⁃coal slurry in the heating stage and high temperature stage.The rheological properties of oil⁃coal slurry have a significant relationship with the properties of raw materials. Therheological types of oil⁃coal slurry are affected by various factors such as coal type, temperature, particle size distri⁃bution, shear rate, etc. In other words, the oil⁃coal slurry system shows different fluid characteristics in differentshear rate ranges. The addition of pulverized coal makes the slurry have obvious structural characteristics, resulting ina certain degree of yield stress or elasticity. However, the current research on the rheological properties of oil⁃coalslurry is still relatively macroscopic, and advanced experimental techniques and characterization methods need to bedeveloped to achieve in⁃situ dynamic characterization of the microstructure of oil⁃coal slurry, and then explain itsmacroscopic physico⁃chemical changes. In the future, it is necessary to further promote the development of viscositytest standards and standard equipment for high⁃temperature and high⁃pressure oil⁃coal slurry, deeply and systemati⁃cally study the influence of solvent composition and structural characteristics on the viscosity of oil⁃coal slurry and therules of rheological characteristics, develop new oil⁃coal slurry viscosity reduction and concentration technology, andbuild a prediction model for oil⁃coal slurry viscosity based on the characteristics of raw material components. The sta⁃bility of oil⁃coal slurry transportation, the characteristics of pipeline transportation, and the inhibition of high temper⁃ature wall coking tendency will be mainly studied.

国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFB4101300)

王光耀, 赵渊. 油煤浆黏度变化规律及流变特性研究进展 [J]. 煤质技术, 2023, 38 (3): 11-19.

WANG Guangyao, ZHAO Yuan. Research progress on viscosity change law and rheological properties of the oil⁃coalslurry [J]. Coal Quality Technology, 2023, 38 (3): 11-19.