2020年我国提出“碳中和”目标后,我国风力发电呈爆发式增长,风机叶片的需求越来越大,同时大规模风电机组逐渐开始退役,预计到2040年我国累计退役风机叶片达到288万t。由于风机叶片所用材料较复杂,对其进行资源化回收利用仍是一项挑战。为此介绍了风机叶片的制造特点及其废弃物来源、处理必要性等,并从环境影响和产物价值等方面详细阐述现有处理技术。结果表明:目前对风机叶片的处理方式主要有机械处理、填埋处理、化学溶解处理、焚烧处理和热解处理等,其中焚烧处理包括焚烧发电及水泥窑协同处置;根据退役风机叶片特点及处理方法的优缺点,结合当前我国实际情况,建议优先发展水泥窑协同处置法,风机叶片中的可燃成分燃烧为水泥烧结提供能量,而玻璃纤维等固体残渣则作为熟料水泥原材料,该方法可将退役风机叶片最大化资源化利用,但应合理控制掺混比例;此外可适当发展热解处理法,可彻底处理退役风机叶片,具有减容、减量、资源化等优点,但处理成本较高,热解产物难以再利用,因此,提高风机叶片热解处理的经济效益关键在于充分发挥热解产物的价值,降低处理成本。

After putting forward the goal of " carbon neutrality" in 2020,wind power generation in China has shown explosive growth,withthe increasing demand for fan blades. At the same time,large-scale wind turbines have gradually begun to retire. It is expected that the cumulative number of retired wind turbine blades in China will reach 2.88 million tons by 2040. Because of the complexity of the materialsused in the blades,resource recovery and utilization remains a challenge. The manufacturing characteristics of blades,the source of waste,the necessity of treatment were introduced,and the treatment technologies from the aspects of environmental impact and product value wereelaborated. The research results show that the current treatment methods for blades include mechanical treatment,landfill treatment,chemical dissolution treatment,incineration treatment and pyrolysis treatment,among which incineration treatment includes incineration powergeneration and collaborative disposal of cement kiln. Finally,according to the characteristics of retired wind turbine blades and the advantages and disadvantages of treatment methods,and combined with the current actual situation in China,it is recommended to give priority tothe development of collaborative disposal of cement kiln. The combustion of combustible components in the wind turbine blades can provideenergy for cement sintering,while solid residues such as glass fiber are used as clinker cement raw materials. This method can maximizethe resource utilization of the retired wind turbine blades,but the mixing ratio should be reasonably controlled. In addition,the pyrolysistreatment method can be properly developed to completely treat retired wind turbine blades,with the advantages of capacity reduction,volumereduction and resource recovery. But treatment cost is high,and pyrolysis products are difficult to reuse. Therefore,the key to improving theeconomic benefits of pyrolysis treatment is to give full play to the value of pyrolysis products and reduce treatment costs.

0 引言

1 退役风机叶片规模

2 风机叶片的材料组成

3 退役风机叶片的资源化利用技术研究进展

   3.1 机械加工

   3.2 填埋处理

   3.3 化学溶解处理

   3.4 焚烧处理

   3.5 热解处理

4 结语与展望