水源水污染的加剧及用水标准的提高,使高效、经济的臭氧-生物活性炭(O3-BiologicalActi⁃vatedCarbon,O3-BAC)饮用水深度净化工艺应用更加广泛。基于O3-BAC工艺及净化机制,讨论煤基活性炭的作用和失效判断方法,分析净水用活性炭关键影响因素。结合煤基压块活性炭的生产工艺、所用原料煤及配煤调节孔结构的研究现状,展望了煤基活性炭在O3-BAC净水工艺中的发展趋势。活性炭在O3-BAC工艺中具有吸附、协同及生物载体作用,对溶解性有机物、异味和消毒副产物都有较好的净化效果。漂浮率、强度、装填密度及孔结构是O3-BAC用活性炭关键指标,压块活性炭孔隙可调、强度高、漂浮率低,表面粗糙截污能力强,依托国内稀缺的原料煤资源生产的活性炭有望满足O3-BAC工艺对活性炭组成性能指标的严苛要求。由于利用配煤技术很难在工业生产规模上准确、量化地调控活性炭孔结构,O3-BAC滤池中采用活性炭混配技术是目前可行的解决方案,值得进一步研究。此外,现有的活性炭标准体系尚不能全面涵盖生产、应用的各个环节,需尽快研究制定滤池反冲洗、活性炭服务期限、再生技术指标等标准。

The intensification of water pollution and the improvement of water quality standards make the efficient and economic O3-Bio⁃logical Activated Carbon (O3-BAC) drinking water advanced purification process has been more and more widely used. Based on O3-Bio⁃logical Activated Carbon process and purification mechanism, the role of coal-based activated carbon were discussed, and the key influen⁃cing factors of activated carbon for water purification were analyzed. Based on the production process of coal-based briquetted activa⁃ted carbon, the research status of the pore regulation, the development trend of coal-based activated carbon in O3-BAC water purificationprocess was discussed. Activated carbon plays an adsorption, synergistic and biological carrier role in the O3 -BAC process, which hasbetter purification effect on dissolved organic compounds (DOC), on odor and disinfection by-product (DBP). Flotation ratio, hardness,loading density and pore structure are the key indexes of activated carbon for water purification, Adjustable pore, high hardness, low flota⁃tion ratio, rough surface with high interception capacity of briquetted activated carbon, and on the scarce domestic raw material coal re⁃sources, it is expected to manufacture activated carbon products that can fully meet the stringent requirements of O3-BAC process for com⁃position performance index. Since it is still difficult to quantify and accurately regulate the pore structure of activated carbon by coal blend⁃ing technology in actual production, the mixing technology of activated carbon in O3-BAC filter is a feasible solution at present, which isworthy of further in-depth study. In addition, the existing activated carbon standard system does not yet fully cover all aspects of produc⁃tion and application. It is necessary to study and formulate standards stepping up for filter backwashing, service life of activated carbon andregeneration technical index.

0 引言

1 我国水源水现状及饮用水卫生标准

   1.1 水源水现状

   1.2 饮用水卫生标准要求

2 活性炭在臭氧-生物活性炭工艺中的应用

   2.1 臭氧-生物活性炭净水工艺及应用

   2.2 活性炭失效判断方法

3 净水用活性炭指标及关键影响因素

   3.1 标准要求

   3.2 影响活性炭水处理效果的关键性能

4 水处理用活性炭生产及研究现状

   4.1 煤基压块活性炭

   4.2 压块活性炭原料煤

   4.3 配煤调节活性炭的孔结构研究

5 展望

   5.1 水深度净化活性炭指标体系有待完善

   5.2 配炭技术在臭氧-生物活性炭工艺应用

6 结语