College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Anhui University
Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Mine Ecological Remediation
School of Mathematical Sciences, Anhui University
Guotun Coal Mine, Luxi Mining Co., Ltd., Shandong Energy Group

我国东部厚松散层薄基岩矿区开采地表沉陷普遍具有下沉量大、移动范围广、稳沉时间长等特征。本文以山东某煤矿为例，探讨了不同松散层与基岩厚度比条件下煤层开采的地表变形参数变化规律，在现场实测的基础上，采用FLAC3D数值模拟技术，建立不同松基比（0.25～5.00）条件下煤层开采的地表变形计算模型，研究了地表变形特征，分析了松基比对概率积分法参数的影响，并从开采沉陷的角度对厚松散层薄基岩条件进行了定量分析与探讨。研究表明：①在开采厚度相同条件下，当松基比不断增大时，地表变形量呈明显的先增大后减小特征，在松基比达到某一限值后，地表变形趋于稳定；②下沉系数、水平移动系数和主要影响角正切均随着松基比增大表现为先增大后减小的关系，松基比拐点分别为1.75、1.25和1.25；③松散层厚度在平均采深中所占的比例对移动角、边界角具有较大的影响，边界角、移动角随着松基比的增大逐渐减小。基于上述研究，提出将松基比为1.25～1.75作为厚松散层薄基岩条件的临界值，为我国东部典型厚松散层薄基岩矿区地表变形预计和开采沉陷灾害防控提供了理论基础。

The surface subsidence in the thick loose layer and thin bedrock mining area in the east of China has the characteristics of large subsidence value, wide movement range and long settling time. Taking a coal mine in Shandong province as an example, this paper discusses the variation rules of coal seam mining surface deformation parameters under different loose layer and bedrock thickness ratio conditions, on the basis of field measurements, using FLAC3D, and establishes a surface deformation calculation model for coal seam mining under the conditions of different loose layer bedrock thickness ratios (0.25−5.0), studies the characteristics of surface deformation, analyzed the influence of ratio of loose layer thickness to bedrock thickness on the parameters of probability integral method, and quantitatively analyzed and discussed the conditions of thick loose layer and thin bedrock from the perspective of mining subsidence. Research shows: ①Under the same mining thickness conditions,when the ratio of loose layer thickness to bedrock thickness increases, the surface deformation amount obviously increases first and then decrease, when the ratio reaches a certain limit, the ground surface deformation tends to be stabilized; ②The subsidence coefficient, the horizontal movement coefficient and the tangent of the main influence angle all increase first and then decreases, and the inflection point is 1.75,1.25 and 1.25, respectively; ③The proportion of loose bed thickness in the average mining depth has great influence on the angle of draw and boundary angle. The boundary angle and the angle of draw gradually decrease with the increase of the ratio. Based on the above research, it is proposed that the ratio of 1.25−1.75 is the critical value for the condition of thick loose bedding and thin bedrock, which provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for the prediction of surface deformation and the prevention and control of mining subsidence disasters in typical thick loose layer thin bedrock mining areas in eastern China.

国家自然科学基金资助项目 (52174156, 51874005) ；安徽省高校协同创新资助项目 (GXXT-2020-055)

刘　辉，李　玉，苏丽娟，等. 松基比对地表变形的影响及厚松散层薄基岩条件的分析与探讨[J]. 煤炭科学技术，2023，51（9）：11−23

LIU Hui，LI Yu，SU Lijuan，et al. Analysis and discussion of the influence of ratio of loose layer thickness to bedrock thickness on surface deformation and the condition of thick loose layer and thin bedrock[J]. Coal Science and Technology，2023，51（9）：11−23