氢气不仅是一种重要的工业资源,也是“零碳社会”下重要的清洁能源,氢能技术在交通、能源、冶金和化工等领域拥有广阔的应用前景。不过,生产成本、储运技术、安全问题等也长期制约着氢能,尤其是绿氢的应用发展。应明确的是,无论高压储运、氢液化等物理储运方式,或基于“PowertoX”策略的化学储氢方式,均难以避免高额的全周期能耗。在理解过程能效,考虑不同储运方式下氢能全生命周期成本的基础上,对比各类技术经济性。其中,液氢和液氨的燃料利用途径在不同时期下均具有良好的经济性,更适宜用作氢能大规模供热供电场下的储运技术。基于此,对制、储氢技术及成本期望进行了归纳,并讨论了氢(氨)能源在大规模发电领域应用的技术经济问题,借鉴不同国家地区氢能发展思路,以期对我国氢能储运技术发展提供参考。

Hydrogen, which has been seen as a kind of significant industrial source, has been increasingly focused as the clean energy in anet-zero carbon emission future, with broad application prospects in the fields of transportation, energy supply, metallurgy and chemicalindustry. Nevertheless, the development and application of hydrogen, especially green hydrogen, have been restricted with technologiesand costs in its production, storage and transport process. It should be confirmed that quite a bit of the energy will be lost in the transformation and transportation process whether in high-pressure compressed form, liquid form or other Power-to-X strategies. Furthermore, itwas easy to understand more reliable life cycle economic analysis of hydrogen would be estimated while energy efficiency was considered.By comparison, liquid hydrogen and ammonia were regard as the better methods for large-scale power or heat supply under different periods. Herein, based on the consideration of the energy efficiency of hydrogen, technologies and costs of its production, storage and transport were summarized in this work, together with the large-scale power supply by green hydrogen and ammonia. Comprehending the worldwide green hydrogen outlook would make benefits for China′s transition towards a future where hydrogen will be a major energy player.

0 引言

1 基于灰氢的氢能利用现状

   1.1 灰氢制氢方式与制氢成本

   1.2 各类储氢方式现状

2 基于绿氢的氢能利用前景

   2.1 绿氢技术现状

   2.2 基于绿氢的氢能经济性分析

3 用于规模化供电的绿氨途径

4 结语